The Role Of Identity In Dantes Inferno - 1186 Words

The role of religion, ancestry, and nationality are crucial in forming one’s identity. These items and more come together to create a sense of security for an individual. The narrative epic poem, The Inferno, by Dante Alighieri takes the reader with Dante on his journey through Hell and rediscovery of his identity. Dante’s journey commenced as a result to him falling into temptations whilst falling away from God. This led him to travel through the Dark Wood of Error which symbolizes the worldliness that occurs when one strays from the True Way, or God’s Way. The spirit of the poet Virgil, symbolizing Human Reason, appears and leads Dante away from the Dark Wood of Error and to the Divine Illumination with a journey through Hell. The need†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, those he converses with had impacted Dante in some way during his lifetime. The combination of religion and nationality begin to form the prominent factors of Dantes identity as he comme nces his journey through Hell in order to reestablish himself as a committed Catholic. Not only was Dante overwhelmed by the feeling of chaos due to the fear of losing his identity, but he was also faced with the overpowering sense of disorientation brought upon by being in Hell. The disarray caused the need for Dante to find a way to bring security onto himself. The security that Dante sought was found in increasing the strength of his identity. For many people, identity brings about a sense of security because it allows them to connect with a specific group of people who are similar to them. Knowing that there are people who think, talk, act, and believe in a similar way is comforting to many people. For example, when Dante was exiled â€Å"He was no longer â€Å"Dante of Florence.† He was without identity, nome, or without name† (Brantley). Dante lost the security that came with being a Florentine and being associated with Florence. Instead he was just Dante and bec ause of that the security he had with his identity was shaken. Dante may have shared his Catholic beliefs with others, but once a vital part of an identity is taken away, so is theShow MoreRelatedThe, The Righteous Politician, Mulan, By Robert D. San Souci1275 Words   |  6 PagesDante, The Righteous Politician; Mulan, The Righteous Activist Dante’s Inferno, although written more than 400 years ago, rings a certain familiarity with audiences everywhere. This epic explores concepts systematic to the development and revival of intimate themes throughout modern and classic works of literature and film. There are a myriad of works and themes that weave the web of modern literature drawing inspiration from and parallel to Inferno’s style and concession. Inferno’s use of culturalRead MoreExamples Of Punishments In Dantes Inferno1187 Words   |  5 PagesDantes Inferno explores the nature of human suffering through a precautionary light. As Dante and Virgil move through the Inferno, Dante sees what has become of people who overindulged in things such as, lust, gluttony, violence, and bribery. Few of the punishments described in the Inferno have a direct correlation to the sin that the souls committed while they were living. Rather, they are a representation of what happens when we commit those crimes again st ourselves and others. We create hellsRead More1. The Russian-American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin categories three cyclical waxing and waning1800 Words   |  8 Pagesidealistic category. a. According to the Sorokin notes and the primary texts, I feel like in the sensate category belongs Dante’s Inferno, in the ideational category belongs both of the Gospels, and in the idealistic category belongs the Odyssey. I chose Dante’s Inferno for the sensate category because it is our sense perception that shows the truth and the Inferno is all about Dante’s idea of how people should pay for their sins. I chose the Gospel’s for the ideational category because it was differentRead More Dante’s Inferno - The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide2167 Words   |  9 PagesDante’s Inferno -   The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide       In Dante’s Inferno, the relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide is an ever-evolving one. By analyzing the transformation of this relationship as the two sojourn through the circles of hell, one is able to learn more about the mindset of Dante the Poet.   At the outset, Dante is clearly subservient to Virgil, whom he holds in high esteem for his literary genius.Read MoreAllusions in Invisible Man1591 Words   |  7 Pagesrefers to the spooks who haunted Edgar Allan Poe and right away defines the narrators invisibility. He is not a ghost or spirit, but is invisible through his character, actions, and feelings about himself. In addition to these allusions, Dantes Inferno is referred to in the Prologue as well. Invisible Man relates the action of going to his home in the basement of the apartment building to descending into Hell. He comments that his hole is warm and full of light... I doubt that there is a brighterRead MoreDantes3100 Words   |  13 Pagespersonality , of course he is intentionally doing this as a means of creating for himself authority and superiority among the native islanders and in order to justify his teaching Caliban his own language as a way of controlling him and seizing his identity. I think that what Prospero is doing here has much to do with the process of the Othering as a method to make a binary opposition so that he can justify all his brutal and inhuman actions towards Caliban. Bartolomà © de Las Casas- 16th-century SpanishRead More Francescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Essay5060 Words   |  21 PagesFrancescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Canto V of Dantes Inferno begins and ends with confession. The frightening image of Minos who  «confesses » the damned sinners and then hurls them down to their eternal punishment contrasts with the almost familial image of Francesca and Dante, who confess to one another. In a real sense confession seems to be defective or inadequate in Hell. The huddled masses who declare their sins to Minos do so because they are compelled to declareRead MoreMovement and Stasis in the Divine Comedy Essay2889 Words   |  12 Pagesand the implications of this. To begin with, it is useful to summarise the different types of movement (or indeed stasis) that can be found in the Comedy. There is a full range - from the violent movements of the `bufera infernale of Canto V, Inferno, through the slow, laboured movements of the proud in Canto X, Purgatory, to the frozen stasis of the prisoners in deepest Hell in Canto XXXIII. There is not a simple immediate explanation. Fast movement does not equate a greater sin than the frozenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J.alfred Prufrock 1559 Words   |  7 Pagesworkings of an individuals mind. Following on from this, throughout the poem, Eliot conveys a sense of the individual conscience as conditioned by society, through exploring the inner workings of the persona of J.Alfred Prufrock. Prufrock’s lack of identity and freedom in the face of society appears to be the predominant issue he faces, as he wanders the ‘half-deserted streets’, signifying scenes of decay and degradation to the reader, of which the most telling is the â€Å"sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells†Read MoreExamples Of The Quest Cycle In Makinas Journey1331 Words   |  6 Pagescentury in the Southwest. The story follows the journey of a protagonist named Makina, who goes to the North in search of her brother. During her journey, Makina faces many trials and test before ultimately transforming and being reborn with a new identity. Although Herrera’s story is written in the present-day, it is structured on an ancient pattern. Aaron Brady, author of â€Å"Underneath the Darkness,† explains, â€Å"But it is a new genre made old, and the surface of the present has a way of breaking open

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Essay - 1352 Words

Intangible Justice is in the Soul Plato’s Republic, although officially divided into ten books, can be separated into two very distinct sections. The first section, roughly spanning Books I through IV, contains a rather tangible investigation of justice in practice. Namely, the section considers what acts or occurrences are just, either in a city or in a man. The second section, beginning around Book V and continuing through the end of the dialogue, deals with the much more abstract issue of justice in a soul. The backbone of this section is the Allegory of the Cave, and the establishment of the philosopher. Within these discussions, a new concept of justice is revealed which proves to be the most profound in the dialogue, and†¦show more content†¦This is a profound step, as it can be paralleled with releasing someone from the â€Å"noble lie† created during the formation of the just city—an act considered and completely refuted at the time. Socrates continues to describe the proce ss of release. â€Å"Take a man who is released and suddenly compelled to stand up, to turn his neck around, to walk and look up toward the light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The most significant piece of this description is the introduction of the â€Å"light†, representing education and a realization of reality and truth. Socrates describes this liberated person as feeling pain, at first blinded and unaccepting of the new reality placed before him. In order to make the person see the light, â€Å"someone† (515e) drags him towards it, and only after time he would become accustomed and begin to see what has really been presented to him. Every detail of the Allegory has some other meaning[3], but two of its elements are far and beyond the most important—the â€Å"light†, and the â€Å"someone† who aids in the liberation. The light, and more specifically the â€Å"sun†, that Socrates speaks of is nothing more and nothing less than being told the truth. At first it is rejected, not surprisingly, because it overturns everything that was known to be true. But after time, it is gradually accepted until the person accepts the new reality just as he accepted the old reality of puppets and shadows. The â€Å"someone† that brings the person out of the cave isShow MoreRelatedEssay Philosophical Debate1211 Words   |  5 Pagesto practice for dying and death.† While the body desires pleasures of the flesh, the soul desires wisdom. Truth cannot be perceived by senses. So if the search for final and absolute truth is accompanied by one’s body, the person is bound to be deceived. â€Å"For whenever it attempts to examine anything with the body, it is clearly deceived by it.† A philosopher must avoid the lusts and desires that trouble the soul when it is imprisoned within the body. He knows not to place the highest value on theRead More Plato on the Parthenon Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MorePlato on the Parthenon Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our real world. The Parthenon is an architectural project and deals with forms of science and mathematics. Platos view of science and mathematics are categorized as forms in the Intelligible World, which are intangible. Through analysis of illusory tactics, the Tripartite Soul, the simile of the line, and the artistic qualities of architecture, Platos, as well as my view of the Parthenon will become evident. The Parthenon was built to honor the goddess of wisdom, Athena. When structuresRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 Pagesimperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe imperfect and changing manifestation in this world of these unchanging forms.(Plato) Virtue Virtue can indeed be taught, not merely by words, but in and through a vision of the exemplary acts of its bearers. (Plato) God God is an intangible, impersonal entity that encompasses and is the precondition for all ideas, all reality, all of the Forms but is not a religious interpretation and thus does not coincide with any standard view of who or what God is. The point is not to establishRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri1725 Words   |  7 Pagesprejudices into the placement of souls within the Comedy. Ultimately, this results in a few inconsistencies in Dante’s logic that surface throughout the three different canticles. One such inconsistency is the ambiguous nature of Dante’s (or basically God’s, since Dante is, after all, playing the role of God) judgment of pagans. Right off the bat, readers run into virtuous pagans doomed to spend the rest of eternity in Limbo. Although, as their name suggests, these souls were actually respectable andRead MoreSt. Augustine Accepts Platonic Concept Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesof Philosophy and Christianity. In class, we have discussed a number of ways in which St. Augustine accepts the ideas of Plato; one of those being the theory of forms. Plato’s theory of forms describes the divine to be in the invisible, perfect, intangible world. St. Augustine believed that Plato’s theory of the forms was compatible with his Christian beliefs because of a vision he had while trying to picture God. We are introduced to the Forms in Plato’s dialogue the Phaedo. The Theory of FormsRead MoreMusic, Music And Music1293 Words   |  6 Pagesemotions when words do not seem to be enough. The dulcet hum of the violin or even the sharp notes from an electric guitar are more than enough to express those intangible, yet impressionable feelings that cannot be fully appreciated through words. However, combine words and music together and the composer has a tool that can awaken a thousand souls all at once. Over the millenniums, music has had a profound ability to capture revolutionary moments, condemn injustice, and raise hope for change in theRead MorePlatos Theory of Knowledge Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom darkness. He put it this way, the conversion of the soul is not to put the power of sight in the souls eye, which already has it, but to insure that, insisted of looking in the wrong direction it is turned the way it ought to be. Platos two worlds: the dark, the cave, and the bright were his way of rejecting the Sophists, who found true knowledge impossible because of constant change. Plato believed there was a true Idea of Justice. The Cave showed us this quite dramatically. Read MoreFunctionalist Criminology And Positivist Criminology Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesPositivism are two theories that assess the mind and different approaches to human nature; classicist is a rational act and liberty. This method was industrialized between the 18th and 19th Century, it was created in order to process the criminal justice system and make sure everyone was treated equally (Classical Criminology is connected with Cesare Bonesana , Marchese de Beccaria). Positivism Criminology Is a an theory that is established by the concept of scientific understanding of law-breaking

The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act - 879 Words

The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act, by definition, is â€Å"a social contract of health care solidarity through private ownership, markets, choice, and individual responsibility. While some might regard this contract as the unnatural union of opposites—solidarity on the one hand and markets, choice, and individual responsibility on the other,† (Baker 1579). The primary conflict that exists with PPACA is a segmented population of American businesses will have to increase spending to provide the health insurance, a program that could and has caused an increase of 12 percent in health insurance premiums. The reason for the struggle of US Health Reform is increase in taxes, government forcing business to increase spending, and increases in the rates of premiums. According to the Wiley Library, â€Å"The Office of the Actuary of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services projects that that law will increase total health-care spending by $311 billion over 10 year s due to greater utilization of health-care services (Office of the Actuary, 2010). Projected Medicare spending cuts and new Medicare taxes will largely be used to fund coverage expansion, as opposed to reducing the federal health-care deficit. The cost of health care and insurance will likely remain problematic in the United States for the foreseeable future,†(Wiley). With an exceptional number of independent variables, which exist for the PPACA, will make it impossible to accurately create projections of the futureShow MoreRelatedThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1057 Words   |  5 PagesMaureen Omondi Patrick Gilbert Govt 2305 5 February 2015 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable care Act also known as Affordable Care Act, Obama Care and ACA is an act signed into law by the current president of the United States, Barack Obama in March 23, 2010. Beginning in 2014, any failure to purchase minimum coverage will result in a person being fined. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expanding public programs, healthRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act In this paper I plan to discuss an increasingly difficult topic of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I will go over the basics of the act including who founded it, when, what it states as well as what its purpose is. I will also discuss the nine titles of the Affordable Care Act. I will then go over how four of the nine titles have affected how nurses provide care. I will finalize my paper by reflecting upon what I have learned from theRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesUnderserved Communities: PPACA Tashia Lee Health/Public Policy (HLTH225-1604A-01) Abstract The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was designed to expand insurance coverage for all of those that are uninsured. Also the Act was put into place to reduce the cost of health care. The morbidity and mortality rates in the United States have decreased since the Act was in place in 2010. The Act is also helping the goals of Healthy People 2020 that was implemented, but there is still more improvementsRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act858 Words   |  4 PagesComprehensive Health Reform: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care act Ken Davis February 13, 2016 PADM 550 –BO2- LUO Dr. Tory Weaver Defining the Problem The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA)is a highly complex and multifaceted policy in addition to being political controversial. Changes made to the law by subsequent legislation, focuses on provisions to expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve health care delivery system. Some changes requireRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1104 Words   |  5 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) What the Act Offers The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act offers many healthcare benefits to a diverse group of American citizens. However, there are a few downsides as well. The major portions of the act deal with four primary issues: 1. Increasing the health care coverage of patients with pre-existing conditions 2. Expanding access to health care insurance to over 30 million uninsured AmericansRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a highly controversial act of the United States government commonly referred to as ObamaCare. Designed to â€Å"ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care,† (Patient Protection) this bill has received a large amount of opposition for a variety of reasons, but it is also widely supported, therefore garnering it attention from interest groups. Many interest groups, including religious organizations, attempt to change laws andRead MorePatient Protection And Affordable Care Act1259 Words   |  6 Pages Maxcine Bakhshizad Mr. Todd Mod â€Å"H† Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Everest University What Is Affordable and What Isn’t? The healthcare industry in America has definitely changed over the last few decades. Our federal government has tried to mold and shape our country into a place where healthcare can be affordable for all families, not just the wealthy and those below the poverty line. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was created to bring about changes andRead MorePatient Protection with the Affordable Care Act1516 Words   |  6 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ObamaCare is a federal statute of the United States signed by President Barack Obama on March 23rd, 2010. As the name suggests, the new health care law is made up of the Affordable Health care for America Act and the Patient Protection Act. It also includes amendment to other laws like Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The main purpose of this complex legislation is to provide Americans with affordableRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act16 36 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Julie Pham and Serena Ellison University of Mississippi  Introduction The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) frequently known as â€Å"The Affordable Care Act† (ACA) or â€Å"Obamacare,† is the United States decree authorized into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 (Group, 2014). The principle of the Affordable Care Act was to strengthen the quality and affordability of health insurance and decrease the uninsured tariffs by magnifying public and private insuranceRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act756 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Statement It has been almost six years since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted. Before the ObamaCare Act many people living in the United States didn’t have health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include a long list of health-related provisions. Additionally, it supposed to extend coverage health insurance to many uninsured Americans (Obamacare, Web). Not all new government programs are perfect and the PPACA is no exception. Even

Online And Face At University Lectures - 1434 Words

Online and Face-To-Face Educating Now we live in an interesting time: we get more opportunities, the information becomes more accessible and easy to obtain. Continuous improvement, training, and expanding of personal borders became one of the ways to be happy. Many people get the second and even third higher education with the hope to understand them better and to be more adapted to the rapid changes of life and professional activity. In other words, training and learning now should be a continuous process. Online education acquires popularity faster and faster. However, many believe the classic form of â€Å"face-to-face† training is one which has better quality (Newman Scurry 2015). These people prefer to spend time sitting at university†¦show more content†¦These factors are often lacked by the classic education system. There are different reflections: I am interested in programming and trying to go pro in this field†; â€Å"As for me, online classes are really better and more convenient because there are a lot of practical examples†; â€Å"Online teachers present information clearly and to the point, nothing superfluous†. There is, however, one moment – the effectiveness of the training depends on the student, on his honesty and quality of work. Time management and self-motivation are very important there. In addition, online instructing is the opportunity to take courses from the world-renowned universities. That will be a plus for self-development and future career. Massachusetts Institute of technology offers the free program for those interested in a specialized education in the field of IT, physics, mathematics, mechanics and engineering. There are more than 2 thousand courses to choose by university entrants. Stanford University, one of the leaders of humanitarian and technical education, also provides the opportunity to study online. Interactive courses, audio, and video lectures are all available for free study. There is a multiple programs variety: from marketing and business lessons to the basics of genetics and medicine. There is a program of online learning developed by Carnegie Mellon University, which is considered the best in the

Marxist Theories Of International Relations - 903 Words

Introduction Since the Cold War came to an end and capitalism stood victorious, it was generally accepted that the ideas of Marx could be declared irrelevant. Marx’s theories were excessively concerned with the role of economics in defining social and political relations. These were also exceedingly pessimistic in their approach, offering hardly any viable option to replace the capitalist system. The core principle of Marxism is that the world is divided not into politically determined nations but into economically determined classes. Subsequently, politics does not supersede economics, but rather economics trumps politics. The various Marxist theories of international relations agree that the international state system was constructed by capitalists and therefore serves the interests of wealthy states and corporations, which seek to protect and expand their wealth. Although, Marx during his own time was not widely appreciated and Marxism can be considered outdated, he still remains an iconic figure of the 19th century. Although Marx left several theories around the theme of international relations, Marxism itself has not yet produced a whole paradigm that tackle the broad problem of international relations in both political and economic dimensions. His theories have had a meaningful influence on academic studies, and while he did not address the field of international relations directly, a lot can be derived from his writings on certain phenomena, such as colonialism andShow MoreRelatedWhy Has Marxism Been Neglected For International Relations?977 Words   |  4 PagesWhy has Marxism been neglected in International Relations? One of the major reasons why Marxism has generally been neglected in International Relations is due to the scarcity of Marxist writing that is specifically focused on this subject. However, it can be argued that due to this paucity of material, Marxist theory has nothing of substantial value to offer with regards to international relations. Non- Marxists argue that the concepts in Marx’s analysis of capitalist production; class, labor, exchangeRead MoreSpeech Relations in Constructivism Theory1599 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of the speech in relation to Constructivism theory The ideas that countries float and advocate for at times of conflict usually lead to intense war or peace. In constructivism, the major idea is how structures put in place are influenced by persuasive ideas and common beliefs that countries bring into play in the international arena. Politics in the international community is a product of social construction emanating from common values and persuasive ideas asRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pages Causes of War One of the major problems that International Relations has been trying to explain is the phenomenon of war and what causes it? War is a state of armed conflict between different states or different groups within a country. War can take on many forms including world, inter-state, intra-state or revolutionary. In order to figure what causes wars, a theoretical approach is useful to expand our understanding and perspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will exploreRead MoreMarxism Of The Cold War And The Triumph Of Capitalism1528 Words   |  7 Pagesof the policies of these so-called Marxist states are often dramatically different and conflicting from the basis of Marxism. Since the end of the Cold War and the triumph of capitalism, it became commonplace to assume that the ideas of Marx could be safely consigned to the dustbin of history. They needed an alternative to capitalism after the failed experiment of the Soviet Union, and after two decades of this, there appears to be a renaissance. Marx theories were seen excessively concerned withRead MoreMarxisms Tools for Contemporary International Relations Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesneo-liberal ideologies characterizing the various dimensions of the global order, such as international politics and economics. As the world is homogenizing into neo-liberal capitalist orders, the rich substances of the Marxist school on international relations seem rather distanced. However, this essay will argue the contrary. It seeks to justify that, instead of being irrelevant under the contemporary international relations, Marxism offer vital tools to contest the hegemony of capitalism through criticalRead More Inte rnational Organizations1664 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Pease (2012), an international organization are conceived as formal institutions whose members are states and these are divided into two sub-groups called intergovernmental organizations (IGO) and non-governmental organizations (NGO). An IGO consists of states that voluntarily join, contribute financially, and assist in the decision making process. All of their members’ resolves, structures, and administrative protocols are clearly outlined in the treaty or charter. An example ofRead MoreGlobal Capitalism And Its Impact On The United States895 Words   |  4 PagesIt is not just the arbitrary concepts of capitalism which have a tendency to expand, under the Marxist understanding of the state, capitalist states will make foreign policy decisions for the benefit of global capitalism. The increased intervention by western states in the Marxist view is about the sole purpose of the expansion of capitalism in the s earch of profit for the companies, using the state as a mobiliser for action towards such an end. Mark Rupert brought forward a case study of such â€Å"imperialism†Read MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pages(1820-1895), founded the Marxist Theory. Both men were philosophers, however were referred to as revolutionaries. ‘The Communist Manifesto’, was written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysedRead MoreThe Politics of International Economic Relations Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesPolitics of International Economic Relations The purpose of the essay is to draw out the conceptual differences of Liberalism, Realism and Marxism. Each author stands for different approach among the three readings. Deundey and Ikenberry are liberals, Gilpin researches for Realism, David Harvey is a typical scholar of Marxism. The perspectives of three authors overlap on three issues but have different view on them. The first issue is what are the main actors involved in economic relations accordingRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesoccupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracy promotion is an essential action from more prosperous states in order to achieve international peace and protect human rights. However, realists claim that democracies promote their values and principles in order to fulfill their national interest s. Marxist thinkers disagree with both and state that

Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems. Answer: Introduction: It has been seen that due to insufficient and inadequate management of proper security arrangements and unexpected security incidents the small-scale industries had already suffered a huge loss of data and privacy information (Yeboah-Boateng and Essandoh, 2014). The need of proper security management technologies is a must in any organisation maybe it is a large-scale industry or any small-scale industry. A resolution to this delinquent may be the controlled and by proper management of the security schemes. However, there are enough evidences that the security practices are not strongly upheld within small and medium enterprise environments. A survey revealed that the SMEs lack this basic need because of the mismanagement of budget and this type of things are often handed to non-experts without proper qualification. This results in loss of data and rupturing of private information of the organisation. Without proper security arrangement a SME can even come down to verge of extinction . Risk assessment can be defined as the as the calculation done of intimidations, impacts and susceptibilities of data and info processing and the chances of occurring of these events. Also, the procedure of risk management may be defined as the identification, collection and execution of counter measures that are premeditated to reduce the identified levels of risk to acceptable levels, this way governing, minimalizing and potentially eradicating the acknowledged security risks, at an acceptable cost (Melendez, Dvila and Pessoa, 2016). The three basic terms related to the information security management are confidentiality that is the data must be accessible completely to official parties, integrity which means the completeness and accuracy of the data must be well-preserved and obtainability that is the authorised users must access the data when required. Data safety is a far-off multifaceted question than Information Technology security. At the present time it is not sufficient to contemplate in terms of firewalls, antivirus packages, unswerving hardware and clear-cut credentials systems. The mindful creation of the high-tech circumstantial is no longer sufficient (A. Harris and Patten 2014). The integrity, accessibility, and secrecy of data is mainly exposed by careless management or decisive mutilation by the hands of core workers through the establishments data control systems and or the internet and tactical associates with admittance via the internet, extranet or Automated Information Exchange to corporations databases contractors, vendors, collaboration associates and economic facility workers (Lo and Chen 2012). Numerous other assets, such as accurateness, liability, non-repudiation, and reliability may also be connected to data security. There are many information security requirements as mentioned by the international safety of the US and the UK the that any organisation needs to follow. Firstly, the need for risk assessments, risks must be understood and recognised. The IT security measures that are taken must be proportionate with these risks (Dillon and Vossen, 2015). Organizations needs to create, interconnect, implement, approve, monitor, and impose security strategies across the organization. Organisations needs to make every employee of the organization aware of the importance of IT security and to train the employees good IT security practices (Shameli-Sendi, Aghababaei-Barzegar and Cheriet, 2016). The organisation also needs to monitor audit and run regular security checks regularly in order to eradicate any incoming threat. Some of the security metrics that a small-scale industry needs to follow are the number of the previous reported incidents. The number of viruses or other malicious code outbreak are also to be recorded (Kimwele, 2014). Keeping a track of the unethical websites are also to be kept in the mind. Frequency of the IT systems failures are also to be checked regularly. The government of any country plays a key role in maintaining the security aspects for an organization specially the small-scale ones. Providing a good infrastructure and technical helps not only boosts the security aspects but also the working capabilities of any organisation. Major threats to the any SME are, the internal attacks, this type of attacks are done by someone who works in the organisation itself. Rough employees with access to the networks does this type of takes. IN order to regulate this, organisation needs tough laws and regulations for the person who does the same (Nguyen, Newby and Macaulay, 2015). This is one of the reason which cannot be reduced as no one can predict what goes on someones mind. accounts accounts with the capability to expressively affect or admittance core systems. Next, fire those persons that are no lengthier in use or are associated with staffs, no longer employed in the corporate. Phishing and spear phasing is of the other factor that is mainly responsible for the data loss in the seas. Lack of proper security knowledge is one of the other major factor that is responsible for the data loss in case of the security. This one of the key factors that are responsible for the breaches in the small-scale industries. Due t o the low budgets also, the organisations do not properly train the staffs. The D-Dos attack, that is the distributed denial of service is one of the attack (Devos, Van Landeghem and Deschoolmeester, 2016). Without knowledge of this it become nearly impossible for anyone to stop this attack. IN most of the SMEs it is seen that most of the employees does not even know about the term DDOS attacks. and this leads to the lack of the systems. Malwares are the one of the other vulnerabilities that harm the systems of any organisation. Malware is a comprehensive word that covers any software that gets connected on a system to do undesirable tasks for the advantage of a third party. Ransomware is a type of malware, which includes adware ,spyware, Trojans , and bots . SQL injection, just about every organisation depend on on the websites to do work and operate day to day business work. Sell injection opens up vulnerabilities web pages and downloads or lets the third parties read the contents of the web sites without the knowledge of the users (Peltier, 2016). This is one of key reason for many organisations data loss. Lastly, many companies accept the employees to bring their own devices inside the organisation for doing works and connect to the network. This is one of the major source that lets the user use the vulnerabilities of the network and do wrong things. As we can see that the small-scale industry faces many problems in maintaining the security in the organisations. Improper infrastructure is one of the key reason for such type of issues. Simple things that can be done in order to make the structure more secure 1st, installing and running proper anti viruses and keeping them updated is one of the key task to be done. Patching the systems with regular security updates from the OS providers also helps in making the system more secure (Cavelty and Mauer, 2016). Using the unique and complex passwords and helps a lot in maintaining servers. Using simple and easily guess able passwords is one of the main reason for the data leaks and using complex alphanumeric passwords can reduce such things easily. Keeping up backup of the data in a regular interval of time also helps a lot. If the data is properly backed up, in any cases of data loss, the backup can be used. This can be done using the cloud services, which also helps in easy maintenance of data (Ross, McEvilley, and Oren, 2018). Other things that the senior officials can do in order to make an organisation more secured are, 1stly ensuring that the employees and the vendors can access the data which are only required for their job (Ab Rahman and Choo, 2015). This ensures that the informations are secured in every hand, steps must be taken if information of one employee is used by some other user.IN any case if an employee leaves the organisation, the knowledge of the information which was access able by that person must be altered immediately. In a small-scale industry, ideas are the key to success, and idea must be kept secret in safe hands. Thus, concluding the topic, it can be said that maintaining proper IT security id one of the key factor for any small-scale industry. Proper analyzation of the risk and solving the same is part of the process. Some of the major issues that I have discussed in the paper are the major causes for the data loss for any organisation. I have also provided some of the steps that can be taken in order to reduce such problems. In order to gain maximum success a small-scale industry other that focussing on the products must also think about the security part. Proper IT technicians must be employed and further trained for the betterment of the organisation. Cloud systems can help a lot in maintaining the security as well as the structure of the data maintenance. Securing the networks from outside world also helps a lot in maintaining proper security. References Harris, M. and P. Patten, K., 2014. Mobile device security considerations for small-and medium-sized enterprise business mobility.Information Management Computer Security,22(1), pp.97-114. Ab Rahman, N.H. and Choo, K.K.R., 2015. A survey of information security incident handling in the cloud.Computers Security,49, pp.45-69. Cavelty, M.D. and Mauer, V., 2016.Power and security in the information age: Investigating the role of the state in cyberspace. Routledge. Devos, J., Van Landeghem, H. and Deschoolmeester, D., 2016.INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES. SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN AN. Dillon, S. and Vossen, G., 2015. SaaS cloud computing in small and medium enterprises: A comparison between Germany and New Zealand.International Journal of Information Technology, Communications and Convergence,3(2), pp.87-104. Kimwele, M.W., 2014. Information technology (IT) security in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). InInformation Systems for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(pp. 47-64). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Lo, C.C. and Chen, W.J., 2012. A hybrid information security risk assessment procedure considering interdependences between controls.Expert Systems with Applications,39(1), pp.247-257. Melendez, K., Dvila, A. and Pessoa, M., 2016. Information technology service management models applied to medium and small organizations: A systematic literature review.Computer Standards Interfaces,47, pp.120-127. Nguyen, T.H., Newby, M. and Macaulay, M.J., 2015. Information technology adoption in small business: Confirmation of a proposed framework.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.207-227. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Ross, R.S., McEvilley, M. and Oren, J.C., 2018.Systems Security Engineering: Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems [including updates as of 1-03-2018](No. Special Publication (NIST SP)-800-160). Shameli-Sendi, A., Aghababaei-Barzegar, R. and Cheriet, M., 2016. Taxonomy of information security risk assessment (ISRA).Computers security,57, pp.14-30. Yeboah-Boateng, E.O. and Essandoh, K.A., 2014. Factors influencing the adoption of cloud computing by small and medium enterprises in developing economies.International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering,2(4), pp.13-20.

A Critical Evaluation of Various Factors in a Five-star Hotel

Question: Discuss the critical evaluation of various factors in a five-star hotel. Answer: Introduction Singapore is big tourists place, and there are many Five-star Hotels running to provide exceptional services to the potential customers. A Five-star Hotel has many factors that make it a success amongst its competitors. Also, there are many factors that are needed to be used and developd in a hospitality industry, which provides help in the working of the Hotel. In this report, some of the major factors that may affect the working of a Five-star Hotel are being discussed. Critical evaluation of the importance of marketing mix in the success of a Five-Star Hotel, along with employee engagement in the food and beverage department of the hotel is discussed. With the critical evaluation of cross-cultural management and its importance in the hospitality management, the role of CRM in a Five-Star Hotel is also being evaluated (Abdullah and Antony, 2012). Today information communication technology plays an important part in the hospitality industry. How effective it is will be analyzed with the help of critical evaluation. For all the above activities, it is necessary to train and develop the front office department, its effectiveness will also be critically evaluated. In the end, the conclusion of all the evaluations will be given to summarize the whole thing (alem Mohammad, bin Rashid and bin Tahir, 2013). The importance of marketing mix for the success of the Five-Star Hotels A proper marketing mix is a crucial step for a five-star hotel that helps in deciding its marketing efforts. A marketing mix identifies, and indicates the sales team about the several marketing variables that can be used to target the specific market segments, for example, Transient, Conference, Corporate, Leisure, etc. it is necessary for a five-star hotel to have the right services/facilities, good promotional strategies, and the most important thing at a right price (Ashrafi et al., 2013). For a successful business, one need to: - get all the right elements Balance between the elements need to be stroked Differentiation in a business from its competitors can be achieved by adjusting the elements identified by marketing mix to make the product more attractive. Marketing mix help in the following ways in the success of a five-star hotel: - Services or Facilities- Analysis of different market segments of a Five-star hotel through marketing mix is done by the sales and marketing department helps the management to find out the specific requirements and work along in improving the services according to it or develop them if required (Berg and Sevon, 2014). Place- a hotel never travels to the customer, it is the customer that comes to a hotel. A Five-Star Hotel can be anywhere like in the citys heart or on the outskirts, or it could be a resort. The customers are reached with the help of direct methods or indirect methods. Promotion- an effective promotion strategy is a necessity for a five-star hotel as it is the way to communicate with the targeted customers. Customers are generally targeted with the help of effective communication channels. Pricing- a correct pricing strategy is an important factor need to be defined by the marketing mix. If the hotel services are not priced competitively, then the customer will not use the hotel services (Choi et al., 2015). The marketing mix elements influence each other. The business plan made for a hotel if handled right can result in great success. But if handled wrong then the hotel can take years to recover. A lot of understanding, consultation and market research are needed by marketing mix to give a right mix of the success. Importance of Employee Engagement in FB Department in a Five-Star Hotel The Food and Beverages department is an important part of any Five-star Hotel. This department gains around 40% of the total profit for a hotel. All the five-star Hotels try to provide the best food services to its customers, and for that the enthusiastic and talented staffs are very necessary. Employees have many responsibilities that they are needed to fulfil for a successful FB department (Costen and Salazar, 2011). Responsibilities of employees in an FB department are:- A responsible employee manages the day to day operations of the FB department within the guidelines set by the hotel. He preserves the excellent levels of external and internal customer services. Help in designing exclusive menus, making necessary improvements and making regular purchases. They can identify and actively respond to the customers needs. They should be attracting, trained, talented, and recruiting personnel. They should follow the established targets, policies, schedules, and procedure They should be motivated and also believe in team work They should follow all the safety and health regulations If the staffs of a five-star hotel follow all the above-given responsibilities, then the customers will get happy and would want to return to the hotel. However, if any employee is reluctant in giving his best to the job then, it may hamper the services needed by the customer which may give a bad reputation to the hotel (Grobelna, 2015). Marina Bay Sands located on the Marina Bay in Singapore is famous for its seven Celebrity Chef restaurants; Fairmont Singapore the Raffles Plaza is a very famous five-star hotel in Singapore which have fourteen different FB outlets and restaurants to serve its customers, The Fullerton Hotel of Singapore is famous for its five different FB outlets and has also won a major travel award which is Conde Nast Traveler Gold List award. These are the few examples of famous five-star Hotels of Singapore who provide extraordinary food services to their customers, and all this is possible because of their engaged employee of FB departments (Ham and Choi, 2012). The Cross-Cultural Management in the International Hospitality Management The numbers of international travellers are annually increasing in Singapore. Thus, the hospitality department of the Five-Star Hotels is needed to be aware of the importance of the cross-cultural management and hospitality skills. Staffs have to provide services and satisfy the customers needs. Staff appointed on the front desk should be able to predict and read the guests verbal and non-verbal ways of communication. The cross-cultural interaction with an overseas guest or with a traveller with an ethnic background is an important part of a person working in a five-star hotel in Singapore. While getting involved in an exchange with a customer coming from a different culture, an employee may experience many moments of truth as referred by the hospitality management (Jakovic and Galetic, 2014). It has been found that in general hotel management prefers having language study rather than having cross-cultural awareness training. This shows that the management has still not signified the importance of cultural awareness while interacting with guest and their overall satisfaction. A problem may surface when people coming from different cultural backgrounds talk to each other and misunderstand, which results due to language barriers and the cultural differences. Thus, it becomes very important for the hospitality department to have a trained staff that not only able to speak and understand foreign language but also be well informed with the cultural differences of different countries (Josiassen, Assaf and Cvelbar, 2014). Cultural awareness and intercultural communication are very important for the hospitality industry due to the international nature of the business they have, both in regarding with the guests and also the employees of the hotel. Reasons for justifying the importance of cross-cultural management are: - With the growing arrival of foreign tourists, it becomes obvious that social interaction will likely to be continued between guests of diversified cultures and the employees. Thus, for successfully operating hospitality management, it becomes necessary to understand its importance (Karunaratne and Jayawardena, 2011). The management of The Hilton Hotel, Singapore claims that their chains of hotels have 300,000 team members from ninety-three countries which provide a culturally diversified nature. As a result, some different cultures work and communicate with each other on daily basis. This diversification helps the staff to interact with the different cultured guest. Summing up, diversified cultures are an important section of the hospitality industry, and here an effective communication plays an important role while operating in multicultural surroundings successfully (Kim and Ham, 2006). The importance of Branding for the success of Fast food restaurants in a five-star hotel Branding and what a brand stands for a fast food restaurant are the core values for maximum fast food restaurants. If a fast food restaurant manages its branding well then, it will help in increasing the competitive advantages for it. The basic features of a fast food restaurant also help in excelling because a brand has few fundamental steps need to be followed for creating a difference between several competitors. Almost every famous fast food restaurants have a distinguished brand identity like McDonalds golden arches, Pizza huts cap, or the old man of KFCs. All these are easily recognisable by the customers because of their branding (La and Yi, 2015). Strong brands provide many advantages like larger brand loyalty, reduced competition, and increase response to any kind of price adjustment, brand extensions, and larger profit. Branding helps in making clear a restaurants reason for its existence and inspires employees to get accustomed with the brand to build it for their customers. Building strong brand equity can be a priority for all the fast food restaurants, but the attainment of this objective is not an easy task as the products and services of mostly all the fast food restaurants are same and also their methods of distributions. Price is the way one could differentiate with one brand from another. Consumer loyalty and preferences and a greater market share come from a good brand management as it brings a clear differentiation between products (Law et al., 2012). One thing fast food restaurants should keep in mind that branding is necessary for customers to identify the product but with branding comes the responsibilities to maintain the fundamentals promised by the fast food restaurants. Just having a catchy name, or a good logo or an image will not be sufficient for the success of the fast food restaurant. The fast food restaurants should deliver outstanding food experience at a right price with proper hygiene to its customers and maintain it. This will help in making customer remember the brand of the fast food restaurant and make them a loyal. The role of customer relationship management in Five-star Hotels In the present competitive world, the potential guests are becoming more sophisticated, price sensitive and less brand loyal. Thus, it becomes important for a hotel to develop Customer Relationship Management strategies that aim to gather, share, store, and seek guest information through the whole organisation for creating unique and personalised guests experiences (Law et al., 2012). The hotel industry is undergoing significant developments. Now the marketing strategies are more focused on retention of customers rather than acquisition of them, strategies of products are now designed around customisation, reengineering of the internal organisation around the customer-focused processes, and ICT is being applied in order to build relationship, enable customisation, gain customer insight, and provide new opportunities for the distribution of services. CRM focuses as an important strategy for sustaining advantages on competitors in the current global market. However, CRM policy has not been still a successful strategy for the hotel industry but still it is being worked on to be designed for a better result (Lee and Arcodia, 2011). An effective CRM implementation will lead to increased revenue by creating and maintaining the close relationship with customers. It also helps in acquiring new customers, reducing the operating cost, increasing the customer satisfaction, and making sure of long-term sustainability and profitability. But the recent studies show that CRM is mostly applied by large hotels rather than small hotels. This does gives the actual outcome of its success ratio. Just gaining the data of guest is not enough if it is not applied at the right time, and at the right place. CRMs main idea is to give the extraordinary guest experience while their stay in the hotel. For this staff has to make sure that they are going through every detail of the guest that is being inputted in the CRM details. But this is the fact that most of the time this knowledge is not being effectively used (Pavlenko, 2012). The Mandarin Orchard Singapore, a famous five-star hotel in Singapore has just now adapted CRM software Infor, which can serve more than 70,000 customers information at a time. This software will help the hotel to analyse the data better and quickly respond to the varying market condition as according to the guests service demands. Through CRM, the hotel aims at reducing manual processes, and increasing overall revenue for the hotel. This shows that many big hotels are adding CRM in their operational process to gets the benefits by applying its strategies (Qi, Law and Buhalis, 2013). The use of Information Communication Technology in the Hospitality Industry The merger of communication and information technologies along with sophisticated network manners have open new channels for the hospitality industry. The Technology based systems have lead to a vital position for the hospitality industry to offer better services to its potential guests. Hotels can take the advantages of the popularity of ITC based systems in advancing their business operations (Sekulic and Mandaric, 2013). ITC involves the usage of computer software, hardware, and telecommunication devices to manipulate, convert, send, receive, store, and protect data. With the help of computers and technological devices it has become easier for the management of a hotel to store, collect and manipulate information and data and share it with an individual, or within the organisation. The possibility of how it can be used is endless. Information and Communications Technology has become an integral part of a hotel industry and changed its ways of servicing its customers in the last few years. The use of ITC helps the front office to share information about the guest across the chain of hotels (Sucher and Cheung, 2015). Despite the increasing use and popularity of computer technology, there are still few hindrances one has to overcome to be successful. The very necessity is to have the correct information at the right time, at the right place and communicated as quickly as possible, without this ITC cannot be proved beneficial for the hotel industry. For that, the person sitting behind the computer should have full knowledge that how he should find the correct information out of the data when required. In hotels, computers are being used for accounting for guest, forecasting guest demand for reservations, data management, management of guest services, reservation management and revenue and yield management and all this data is finally used to communicate the right part of the information required to cater a guest. There is a minute difference between the right information and waste information thus, it is necessary to know what is beneficial for the hotel, that information should be kept and rest unwanted information should be deleted as it may prove to be a hindrance in communicating the information at the right time, as the person may get confused with the extra information which may be added to the data base (Tsang, 2008). The importance of training and development in the front office department of a Five-star Hotel Training and development of the front office staff is very important as they are the face of the hotels image with whom the customer will be dealing the maximum. Training and development programs help the front office staff to remove performance deficiencies present in them and train them to interpret the demands of the potential customer to give them the best service possible (Wijayanto, 2015). Training and development help in two ways at least, and they are that the employees become more efficient once they went through the training and development program and an efficient employee contributes in a better way in the growth of the Hotel. As discussed earlier there is a major cross-cultural factor that needs to be handled by the management as Singapore is a big tourist destination that means number of different cultured people will be coming in the Hotel and need to deal by the front office, so it is necessary for them to be able to communicate with the guests effectively. Also, if any guests have any problem they are going to call the front desk for the solution so it is necessary for them to be ready with all kind of solutions that may be required, to solve the problem of the guest. All the CRM data and information that need to be communicated is at the front desk so the employees working on the front desk need to be trained accordingly. It is very necessary for the staff of the front office to be trained and developed according to the requirements of the Five-star Hotel or the guest may get a wrong image of the hotel services. For all the above-given factors efficient staffs is required and that can only be possible through proper training and development programs that have to be specially designed to make the staff efficient enough to render all the services expected from them (Wu and Lu, 2012). Conclusion The above-given critical evaluations of various factors and technological uses for the success of the Five-Star Hotels concludes that marketing mix is important for the success of the hotel, but it is necessary to make sure that the correct marketing mix strategy is adapted by the hotel, or it may lead to lots of problems. Food and Beverages Department and the cross-cultural management department are very important parts of any Five-star Hotel, thus the employees engaged in these departments should have proper training and development for the expected outcome from the employees. CRM and ITC are the technologies being used by big Five-star Hotels and for that they need to have proper trained department to have these strategies prove to be a success. For managing all the factors the front office staffs is responsible so it is very necessary that they are well trained and developed accordingly (Zhao and Namasivayam, 2009). References Abdullah, Z. and Antony, C. (2012). Perception of Employees on Internal Communication of a Leading Five-star Hotel in Malaysia.Asian Social Science, 8(2). alem Mohammad, A., bin Rashid, B. and bin Tahir, S. (2013). Assessing the influence of customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions on organization performance.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 4(3), pp.228-247. Ashrafi, A., Seow, H., Lee, L. and Lee, C. (2013). The efficiency of the hotel industry in Singapore.Tourism Management, 37, pp.31-34. Berg, P. and Sevn, G. (2014). Food-branding places A sensory perspective.Place Brand Public Dipl, 10(4), pp.289-304. Choi, E., Fowler, D., Goh, B. and Yuan, J. (2015). Social Media Marketing: Applying the Uses and Gratifications Theory in the Hotel Industry.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, pp.1-26. Costen, W. and Salazar, J. (2011). The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Job Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Intent to Stay in the Lodging Industry.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 10(3), pp.273-284. Grobelna, A. (2015). Intercultural Challenges Facing the Hospitality Industry. Implications for Education and Hospitality Management.Journal of Intercultural Management, 7(3). Ham, S. and Choi, Y. (2012). Effect of cause-related marketing for green practices in the hotel industry.Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 22(3), pp.249-259. Jakovic, B. and Galetic, F. (2014). Marketing and Commercial Activities Offered on Croatian Five-Star Hotel Web Sites.Procedia Engineering, 69, pp.112-120. Josiassen, A., Assaf, A. and Cvelbar, L. (2014). CRM and the bottom line: Do all CRM dimensions affect firm performance?.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, pp.130-136. Karunaratne, W. and Jayawardena, L. (2011). Assessment of Customer Satisfaction in a Five-star Hotel - A Case Study.Tropical Agricultural Research, 21(3). Kim, W. and Ham, S. (2006). The Impact of Information Technology Implementation on Service Quality in the Hotel Industry.Information Technology in Hospitality, 4(4), pp.143-151. La, S. and Yi, Y. (2015). A Critical Review of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Relationship Marketing, and Customer Relationship Management.kmr, 30(1), p.53. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N. and Lee, H. (2012). Progress and Development of Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(1), pp.10-24. Law, R., Leung, D., Au, N. and Lee, H. (2012). Progress and Development of Information Technology in the Hospitality Industry: Evidence from Cornell Hospitality Quarterly.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(1), pp.10-24. Lee, I. and Arcodia, C. (2011). The Role of Regional Food Festivals for Destination Branding.International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(4), pp.355-367. Pavlenko, I. (2012). Communication Policy of Enterprises of Hospitality Industry.European Journal of Economic Studies, 2(2), pp.131-134. Qi, S., Law, R. and Buhalis, D. (2013). Who booked five-star hotels in Macau? A study of hotel guests' online booking intention.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 20, pp.76-83. Sekulic, D. and Mandaric, M. (2013). Quality of services as a determinant of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry.Marketing, 44(3), pp.231-246. Sucher, W. and Cheung, C. (2015). The relationship between hotel employees cross-cultural competency and team performance in multi-national hotel companies.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 49, pp.93-104. Tsang, E. (1998). A longitudinal study of corporate social reporting in Singapore.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 11(5), pp.624-635. Wijayanto, G. (2015). The Effect of Service Marketing Mix in Choosing the Decision to Consumer Services Hotel: Studies in Hotel Grand Zuri Pekanbaru.MJSS. Wu, S. and Lu, C. (2012). The relationship between CRM, RM, and business performance: A study of the hotel industry in Taiwan.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), pp.276-285. Zhao, X. and Namasivayam, K. (2009). Posttraining Self-Efficacy, Job Involvement, and Training Effectiveness in the Hospitality Industry.Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 8(2), pp.137-152.