The World Trade Organization Essay -- International Monetary Fund

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is today seen as wiz of the pillars of international swop and financial systems of the orbit alongside the World bank and the International Monetary Fund, despite being only sixteen historic period old. With what began as the succession to the previous guidelines and rules set out by the ordinary Agreement on Tariffs and Trade back in 1948, it is now seen as the main unifying force of instauration trade today a key player in both the conduct of trade transaction and global governance. (Herman, 1999) Today, as the worlds economy and its nations continue to diverseness and grow together with the global business environment itself, the WTO has faced natural challenges and perhaps its biggest challenges to date which question the relevance and succeeding(a) tense of the WTO. The essay depart address such c erstpts through the analysis of the WTOs main role, the grandness and successes of the WTO to date, the challenges it soon faces and a look towards its potential relevance in the future of world trade. The discussion will be aided through the recitation of published data, literature, online sources and journals. (WTO, Trading into the future 2011)Beginning with only 23 members, the WTO currently stands at 153 members representing a total of 97% of all world trade although this is set to increase following Russias accession into the WTO. This statistic details the importance of the WTO as the only international body that deals with the rules of trade between nations. (Hamilton, Webster 2009) The WTO was created as the previous system the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), postulate an institutional and stronger framework to allow them to drive forward policies and advice. The WTOs overrule principle is to help free trade,... ...ineffective with the growing number and diversity of members. Suggestions to subdue the problem include Critical-Mass thinking and the creation of smaller groups of members based on similar trading characteristics may improve the system. In glister of the youthful financial crisis the role of the WTO is critical, in which its positive impact on world trade to date may become forgotten in light of recent criticisms. The WTO needs correct leadership to overcome the challenges today, to maintain its future survival and ensure it continues to be of success and further improve world trade. If change is not implemented successfully, the great negotiation forum it once was it will instead result in a forum in which the great members will struggle to compromise on trade issues hence harming the WTOs main purpose which is to encourage the growth of world trade.

Would Principles of Scientific Management

Scientific way as proposed by F. W. Taylor is a regularity establish on a beat and motion proficiency which have actually been divided into steps which helps in determining how unfaltering a particular descent can be performed and to the identification and settlement of all practices which leads to the wastages of time. The basic ingredients of time and motion technique begin with a stop watch as an input enchantment the output consisting of an counsel sheet containing circumstantial sequence of operations necessary for the run with exact time the same has to be slayd (Klaw, 1979).The focal point conjecture suggests for e truly man in an organization is like one of a set up grow of gear wheels (Haber, 196424) and it is these workers who are liable for the resultion of a part of the issue point of intersection. The development cognitive operation has to be subdivided into mixed sections with each section responsible for a part of the whole ware sooner than the w hole product and at the same time various automation techniques are existence introduced so that workers can be assigned to single task while external supervisors were meant for the declare oneself of controller. (Miller, 2002).Now we take up the case of Timbuk2. The fraternity headed by Rob Honeycutt fol miserableed the way through which Toyota utilize to produce cars by and bywards implementing the use of Toyota Sewing System. The procedure aims unfolded with the product development process has been subdivided into various phases with output of each phase organism the input of next phase.A particular operator has the responsibility of a portion of the complete product and once he or she finishes its job, the output is being moved on to the next operator who performs the next operation. Hence in principle this product development process of bags for bike messenger services in Timbuk2 represents a very ideal case for possible implementation of Scientific counseling rationa le. Since the commission policy targets starts with the grass root level with workers doing repetitive jobs. In Timbak2 similar policies are being followed. The comp two has been very active in obtaining new technology and modifying outturn techniques. Now looking into what Scientific Management suggest the states that a worker in a repetitive job is much than than kindle in righteous achieving the minimum required target.He is non at all concerned with the term productivity and outgrowth of the firm and is more of less involves itself just to the dobriny he or she is actually. To get all over these problems, Taylor proposed m all judgments of which some were reliable at the time of proposal only like the case of Ford while others were apprehended later. But belt up there are a large number of managers or trade unionists who is actually non a beli forever of Taylors Theory. Their point of contender is that it is rarely or better to say non at possible to have ide ntical economic inte balance for some(prenominal) counselling and workers.There is mistrust betwixt workers and managers. Managers are more interested in improving talent and boilersuit performance of the firm and intend this as their suffer responsibility while the worker views every attempt of training and improvement of technology or modernization process as a tactics by the watchfulness to reduce work ram down and duplicatect more work by the reduced number. Workers concerns are not baseless. Taylors method has automation as the culminating point. By automation, we mean more and more work is to be done by cars and companys reliance on workforce bequeath considerably get reduced. This expire again undermine the interest of the employees and the point from where Taylors opening of entireness prosperity starts, gets lost. Taylor had suggested for regular training of employees to improve productivity. He too make a point that a worker should be mothern rest breaks t o get over fatigue (Taylor, 1911). This will help to get more output with longer duration of inventory utilization. His idea of training and work arrangement has the motive that a worker should be do to approximate that more work will result more output and lastly more payment. But despite having so more than novelties and goodness and tons of appreciation from great people like Henry Ford, from the beginning itself the theory was under fire and its applicability has always been a matter of discussion. The theory which was actually meant for improving efficiency and production later faltered and the same became causality of absenteeism and lack of commitment among workers.Moving on to employees contri stillion in improving the and The company has been able to successfully maintain a very harmonic relationship withAccording to Backer, in his paper of 1998, implementation of scientific management gave immediate result with drastic fall in the over all cost of production with more and more product being produced at a much lower price thereby do great change in the way it was consumed by the masses. But it was on the part of management to implement this concept fully. They lacked in this regard thereby causing unrest among workers causing emergence of trade unionism which Taylor used to hate and workers started going to strikes.Their causes were genuine because despite having 33% increases in overall production, workers were not given a considerable portion of the additional put on the companies do. The management started comparing their work force with machines and hence the era of low wages despite high performance started. This causes some of the great strikes in American history with one being suffered by US vane Industry (Baker, 1998). Again it was Taylors Principles which received the blame both from the management as well as dig up unions.Later the same principles were accepted by labor unions and were widely respected once better decipher as ben eficial for organized work force because of its clause of press out some prosperity and regular training to meet diverse production and efficiency targets (Backer, 1998). So finally Taylorism changed the relationship between the management and the workers.But still it was not considered as the perfect concept. Unorganized and unskilled had to face much of the heat caused by its implementation. They had to go with least of wages. This started making effect on organized sector. The skilled labor can now easily be replaced by easily trainable but unorganized and cheap workforce. And again the method and its goal were criticized in every quarter (Baker, 1998).Solution given by Taylor through his principles will always be called as a source with a motive of complete removal of all supposed problems but had to face its share of failures. Spender in a very late paper made a very good explanation on Taylors Solution, its successes and its failures (2006). He stated that new model facto ry based brass of mass production of things through machines with the help of unskilled labor who are no more than operator of those machines was developed by engineers not by capitalists.These engineers analyzed the whole production process while pickings the smallest detail into account. They applied time and motion techniques widely promoted by F. W. Taylor and made steep change in overall efficiency of the whole production process. though the main motive was to produce more, earn more and give more to the workers but things got awry and because of different goals of management and that of workers, the most sarcastic factor of human resource and social responsibility got subordinated (Rose, 197532).The workers were technically compared with machines and were more in an ox-cart cart situation. The engineers on the basis of Taylors method gave blow to science for research and developed and inventory management so that complete and full fledged prosperity can be achieved. But the workers were just not ready to accept the so called independent stand of those engineers.Their previous(prenominal) experience were good enough to believe that these engineers are proxy agents of the owners and the concept they are applying are nothing but an attempt to maximize the lucre of the capitalists and in return the laborers will be awarded with something very meager . Though Taylor repeatedly stated that what ever change is going to happen will be done with nine-tenth in the management while only a very small change is going to b subjected among workers section, but his contention was hardly viewed by Unionist with enough faith. In his principles, Taylor made a deep explanation of the role of foreman.He used to be most important figure very much equivalent to that of king with agency stretching beyond workplace to places outside the factory (Taylor, 191151). Top management was very much reliant on these foremen to organize production and was more or less focused on ext ernal issues like commercialize share and overall profitability. The addition of new technology and automation curtail the overall status of that of foremen and this was widely appreciated. But with this, Taylor inadvertently provided owners with new government agency to defeat labors interests. The Scientific Management caused shifting planning from execution.The workers or craftsman had no longer authorized to take any decision and were reduced to the mystify from where they can only execute rather taking any part in decision making. This again made a felling that the labor are no more than a machine which are only supposed to work and must not utter a single word since all these principles have been implemented after looking into all aspects of their welfare.But what actually they would get was obscure (Spender, 2006). any this started giving rise to many labor problems which were strong enough to make changes both at the factory level as well as national politics. On givin g deep thought it was concluded that the rationalness were not just the economic backwardness the laborers were facing but also an impression that they will be left behind in this extra fast economic and technological growth.Again looking with the eyes of Taylor, his principles were not intended to be either labor centric or management centric. His actual wish was to develop a completely new system which would open a new era of adjustment and common objectives for both the parties. But the return of implementing Scientific Management would vary and will get diminished when the firm will take the route of total control through the use of technology but the same will give desirable result in case of un availability of the same (Edwards, 197020).The main think behind the difference was the wide difference between different industries (Chandler, 1977). The role of foreman got different definition in different industries. Factories with the purpose of mass production were now with fore men with lesser control while the pivotal was seen in metallurgical trade (Nelson, 197536). The ideology of resolving the conflict between owners and workers by changing the whole concept of work and ownership took a backseat. His method was acclaimed and well adopted and very few implemented or incorporated it as a whole.And the management who was supposed to be the tidy part of the system and were considered as the one to enforce Taylors principle, failed in proper application of the concept. And another way of creating harmony among workers and the administration got lost. And the reason remained the same i.e. working class and the management cannot have the same objective. inter-group communication Belt case is a very good example where Taylors concept received applause for sorting out the problems between the management and the workers (Nelson, 1992130). The firm was controlled by some of the ardent supporters of Taylor and his principles of scientific management. The compan y grew from being a Chicago enterprise manufacturing detachable link-chain for agricultural equipments to an important pretender in elevating and conveying machinery market (Nelson, 1992131).The Principles of Scientific Management was implemented for the initiatory time in the Philadelphia Plant of Link Belt. It was later adopted in its Chicago Plant. But its implementation also exposed the weaknesses of this principle. The principle was actually implemented during period of recession. The economy was going downswing. So the implementation process was completed without any hassle. But the same workforce, who was nothing more than a silent spectator during the period of recession, started demanding when the firm was under pressure of maintaining its position in the recovered and competitive market.When deeply examined, in the period 1900 to 1940, it was be that the Link Belt management actually never made any decision which were fully in accordance with the Taylors principle (Ne lson, 1992130). The resultant they found involved espionage and then generateing the weak link and causing defection in the opposite camp. All these techniques had been denounced by Taylor in his Principle of Scientific management. Actually Link Belt management never ever tried to achieve industrial peace but insisted on techniques which showed their own lack of faith on this very Principle.And finally the company which was actually showcased as excellent example of Scientific Management could not find a suitable point in the Taylors Principle to draw rein rising labour related issues. And thus with the whole purpose of achieving industrial harmony got lost (Nelson, 1992151). 

Absorption and Variable Costing, Inventory Management

Absorption and Vari fitted cost be very important tools for cost accounting. Both of these be methods al dissever you to see the cost of your stock certificate, in a different way. For example the concentration method allows you to assign all be to the harvest-home, while changeable be allows provided inconsistent cost to be assigned to the mathematical product. Inventory caution is extremely important as well beca use it ties into efficiency and lowering your cost so that your comp either hobo be as do goodable as it freighter in operations.Throughout this paper I will discuss the brilliance of both cost methods, how it is implemented as well as using the income statement for be. Most companies dont necessarily look at the be of all departments they break down the departments into separate entitys called net centers. The companies do this because by breaking down each department they can see if there ar any problem atomic number 18as that they should correct, involving the performance of the unmarried profit centers. To look at the overall smart sets performance, al most(prenominal) people find it useful to look at the income statement.However, this income statement is of half-size use for determining the viability of the individual business units or segments. Instead, it is important to initiate a segmented income statement for each profit center. That is why these deuce costing methods have been developed. One of them is based on variable costing and the other is based on ducking costing. They argon costing methods because they constitute to the way in which product be are determined. Product cost are inventoried and they include bring materials, deal labor and strike.Period cost are expensed in the full point they are incurred. These are usually interchange and administrative expenses or other expenses to run your union day to day. The one diversity in the midst of the two costing systems is contumacious grind viewg raph. Absorption costing is a costing system that assigns all manufacturing cost to the produce, including frigid grind smasher. Absorption costing includes direct materials, direct labor, variable operating expense, and stiff smash. The quaternion costs define the cost of the product. Under immersion costing, fixed strike is viewed as a product cost, not a period cost.Fixed bang is assigned to the product through the use of predetermined fixed overhead rate and is not expensed until the product is exchange. Absorption costing has product costs of direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead, and fixed overhead. While the period costs include just dispenseing and administrative expenses. Variable costing assigns only the variable manufacturing costs to the product these costs include direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead. As you can see variable costing stresses the divagation between fixed and variable manufacturing costs.Fixed overhead is than tre ated as a period expense and is excluded from the product cost. The designer for this is because fixed overhead is a cost of staying in business. After the period is over, any benefits provided by this content are expired and are not inventoried. Fixed overhead of any period is than seen as expiring in that period and is charged in descend against r crimsonues for the period. The product costs for variable costing include direct materials, direct labor and variable overhead. The period costs include fixed overhead, and selling and administrative expenses.Now we move onto the relationship between the variable costing income and the dousing costing income. The relationship changes as the take and the sales change. If you sold much than was produced, variable costing income is greater than the absorption costing income. except if you sold more than you produced that would mean that you were selling the beginning inventory and units produced. Under the absorption method, the uni ts that are coming out of the inventory have the fixed overhead from the period attached to the inventory.So the amount of the fixed overhead expensed by absorption costing is greater than what the current periods fixed overhead by the amount of fixed overhead flowing out of the inventory. The variable costing income is greater than the absorption costing by the amount of fixed overhead coming out of the beginning inventory from the current period. But if the production and the sales are tally than there is no inconsistency between the two reported incomes. The income relationship is consider to be that if production is greater than sales than the absorption income is reater than the variable income. But if the production is slight than the sales than the absorption income is less than the variable income. So than if the production equals the sales than the absorption income is also equal to the variable income. The differences between the absorption and variable costing are the recognition of when the expenses are occurred. The recognition of the expenses associated with the fixed factory overhead. With the absorption costing, the fixed factory will than be assigned to the units produced.This genuinely presents two problems, first, how do we convert the factory overhead applied on the basis of direct labor hours or the machine hours into factory overhead applied to the units produced? Also, what is than done when actual factory overhead does not equal applied factory overhead? Now we move onto the variable costing and the segmented income statements. The variable costing is a useful tool in preparing a segmented income statement because it gives us useful information on the variable and fixed expenses. A segment can be considered a division, department, product lines, customers class among other things.In the segmented income statements, the fixed expenses are small down into two categories direct fixed expenses and the common fixed expenses. The redund ant subdivision highlights controllable versus the non-controllable costs and than enhances the managers ability to assess each segments contribution to the overall firms performance. The direct fixed expenses are the fixed expenses that are directly traceable to a segment. They are sometimes referred to as avoidable fixed expenses, because they disappear if the segment is eliminated.Two or more segments jointly cause common fixed expenses. These expenses persist even if one of the segments to which they are common is eliminated. The segment margin is a profit contribution that each segment makes toward covering a firms common fixed costs. The segment should be at least able to cover both of its own variable costs and direct fixed costs. A negative segment margin drags the firms nitty-gritty profit down. Segment income statements are useful in management decision-making. The reason so is so that you can run your alliance at the most efficient level, while raising your profit margi n.This is a very interest topic because it helps show the importance of inventory control and how it affects your operating income. The inventory management is very key to a company. The reason for this is because when your costs are to high and your profit margin is too low than there is in all likelihood a reason of your inventory being to high or the overhead being to high. The stress of inventory management cannot be understated for numerous companies but especially manufacturing companies. Apart from the product cost of the inventory, there are other graphemes of costs that relate to inventories of raw materials, work in process, and the spotless goods.Inventory must be bought, received, stored, and moved. The inventory related costs include the fill for a product that is known with near certainty for a period of time. Two major costs are usually associated with this, if the inventory is purchased from an foreign source, then the costs are referred to as ordering costs an d carrying costs. If the product is produced internally, then the costs are called setup costs and carrying costs. Ordering costs are the costs to place and receive the order. Carrying costs are costs of keeping the inventory in your warehouse or store.There also can be a third categories, which includes stock out costs, which are the costs of not having a product available when demanded by the customer or the cost of not having a raw material available when involve for production. A company that uses these types of costing methods will definitely have a better grasp of the costs associated with their products. This will help a company become more efficient and have a better belief of which product is making the most money and which product is making the least amount of money.Yet again, this is not used for your company as a unhurt usually but it is used for each product individually. So if I had a red yoyo and a ballpark yoyo and was selling a lot of each and equal than I would break them down individually between red and green and possibly see that the green yoyo is more expensive a product and therefore I would either have to sell it at a higher prices (even though it is exactly the same product except the color), or I would have to stop selling the green yoyo and just sell the red yoyo.In order to run any type of company a manager must show extreme fearfulness to the inventory management, because you can have the best selling product on the market but if your not efficient enough with your inventory than you may put a huge damper on the future of your company and not allow your company to grow properly. I think if managers use all of these techniques they will have better understanding of there company and how to exercise the correct inventory management.

Viktor Frankl

No matter which camp a prisoner was move to, he was sure to encounter brutal experiences and shameful indignities under the prompt eye of the Nazis and their appointed camp leaders. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary efines in self-worth l. a. An act that offends against a persons self-regard or self-respect Insult. Humiliating treatment. (Indignity, 2014). This definition doesnt seem to do evaluator when examining the cruel treatment of those imprisoned at Hitlers death camps. In Frankls book, he tells of gaykindy indignities that were stripped away from them.He and his fellow prisoner lacked viands, clothing, hygiene, and medical c are. These indignities are cruel, alone Frankl suggests that it was stripping of deeper indignities that could result in a man red of will to survive. Prisoners were force to ive up their identities and become a number, give up on their goals and accept a lite of pain and suffering, and suffer psychological agony at the insults bestowed upon them by leaders of the camp. Most importantly, prisoners were oblige to save give up hope.A New Destiny Frankl describes arriving at his first camp, departing the train, and stand up in a line before a Senior SS officer. He watched as the officer directed prisoners to either the go awayfield-hand(a) fieldfieldover or sound side of him, using his forefinger. He had no idea what this meant at the time, tho later in the evening he learned that this was the process in which prisoners ere selected for work or for death. The men that were ushered to the honest were the ones the SS officer deemed fit for work. Those that were send to the left, were destined for the gas chamber, as they were seen as too old or sick for work.Later on, the prisoners to the pay were forced to fully undress and drop everything they admited to the floor. Their bodies were s guardd completely and they were issued a number. This number voided out any ultimo life they had. It simply wiped their by away a nd in its place was left a number. Another indignity that was bestowed upon he prisoners was being forced to give up their goals and face the terrifying thought that they no longer had anything to live for. Frankl writes, distress to him who saw no more sense in his life, no aim, no purpose, and therefore no point in carrying on. (pg. 5). Frankl suggests that once a man had lost all reason to live, he rarely survived much longer. Finally, an indignity exposit by Frankl as one of the worst things that he had to endure, was being forced to listen to insults towards him given by the camp leaders. He explains how painful it was to possess to listen toa man Judge his life ven though he didnt sleep together anything more or less him. The prisoners were forced to work and be treated like animals, period also being insulted to their core. They had already lost their identities, goals, and now they were forced to sustain their cause self-worth.According to Deprees list As men entere d Hitlers death camps, they left base their identities in exchange for a number. Life as they knew it would never be the same. According to Deprees list of the eight es moveial in force(p)s for workers (pg. 36), these men were stripped of umpteen of these undecomposeds, which in few cases, helped lead to their demise. By taking away the risoners identity, goals, and self-worth, they were left without any of the eight rightfulnesss listed by Depree. Their right to be needed was ignore since they no longer held a purpose towards a goal.They, of course, had no right to be involved since their input could cause them death. Their right to affect their own destiny was overturned when they stepped off of the train and was forced to go to the left or right. It wasnt up to them, at that very moment, whether they lived or died. They had no right to understand what was happening, since they were not considered a part of an organized workforce, but alternatively slaves. They had zero right to appeal and doing so would certainly bring about(predicate) death.My list of indignities imposed on the prisoners of the Holocaust correlates well with Deprees list of rights for workers. piece of music my list holds c hurt to of the basic indignities such as little intellectual nourishment and water, forced labor, the inability to bathe or brush their teeth, it also holds near of the deeper indignities, in which Frankl describes as approximatelytimes worse than the physical beatings that they endured Deprees Assumptions In erect for Depree to comprise his list of eight es moveial rights for workers, he had to hold some assumptions about our society.Viktor FranklNo matter which camp a prisoner was sent to, he was sure to encounter brutal experiences and shameful indignities under the nimble eye of the Nazis and their appointed camp leaders. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary efines indignity l. a. An act that offends against a persons dignity or self-respect Insult. Humi liating treatment. (Indignity, 2014). This definition doesnt seem to do umpire when examining the cruel treatment of those imprisoned at Hitlers death camps. In Frankls book, he tells of umpteen indignities that were stripped away from them.He and his fellow prisoner lacked food, clothing, hygiene, and medical care. These indignities are cruel, but Frankl suggests that it was stripping of deeper indignities that could result in a man damage of will to survive. Prisoners were forced to ive up their identities and become a number, give up on their goals and accept a lite of pain and suffering, and suffer intellectual agony at the insults bestowed upon them by leaders of the camp. Most importantly, prisoners were forced to beneficial give up hope.A New Destiny Frankl describes arriving at his first camp, departing the train, and stand in a line before a Senior SS officer. He watched as the officer directed prisoners to either the left or right side of him, using his forefinger. H e had no idea what this meant at the time, but later in the evening he learned that this was the process in which prisoners ere selected for work or for death. The men that were ushered to the right were the ones the SS officer deemed fit for work. Those that were sent to the left, were destined for the gas chamber, as they were seen as too old or sick for work.Later on, the prisoners to the right were forced to fully undress and drop everything they possess to the floor. Their bodies were shaved completely and they were issued a number. This number voided out any past life they had. It simply wiped their past away and in its place was left a number. Another indignity that was bestowed upon he prisoners was being forced to give up their goals and face the terrifying thought that they no longer had anything to live for. Frankl writes, agony to him who saw no more sense in his life, no aim, no purpose, and therefore no point in carrying on. (pg. 5). Frankl suggests that once a man h ad lost all reason to live, he rarely survived much longer. Finally, an indignity expound by Frankl as one of the worst things that he had to endure, was being forced to listen to insults towards him given by the camp leaders. He explains how painful it was to have to listen toa man Judge his life ven though he didnt endure anything about him. The prisoners were forced to work and be treated like animals, piece also being insulted to their core. They had already lost their identities, goals, and now they were forced to lose their own self-worth.According to Deprees list As men entered Hitlers death camps, they left poop their identities in exchange for a number. Life as they knew it would never be the same. According to Deprees list of the eight essential rights for workers (pg. 36), these men were stripped of many of these rights, which in some cases, helped lead to their demise. By taking away the risoners identity, goals, and self-worth, they were left without any of the eigh t rights listed by Depree. Their right to be needed was disregarded since they no longer held a purpose towards a goal.They, of course, had no right to be involved since their input could cause them death. Their right to affect their own destiny was overturned when they stepped off of the train and was forced to go to the left or right. It wasnt up to them, at that very moment, whether they lived or died. They had no right to understand what was happening, since they were not considered a part of an organized workforce, but rather slaves. They had zero right to appeal and doing so would certainly bring about death.My list of indignities imposed on the prisoners of the Holocaust correlates well with Deprees list of rights for workers. turn my list holds some of the basic indignities such as little food and water, forced labor, the inability to bathe or brush their teeth, it also holds some of the deeper indignities, in which Frankl describes as sometimes worse than the physical beat ings that they endured Deprees Assumptions In revision for Depree to comprise his list of eight essential rights for workers, he had to hold some assumptions about our society.

A Learning Journal Is A Reflective Evaluation English Literature Essay

A learning diary is a incubation rating, of how the class stuff has changed my apprehension every bit good as my sentiments, on look. This learning diary is found on three hookeds self- wideness-importance and individuality, bias and favoritism, and evetu eithery attractive force and jam relationships. However payable to the extent of the three realises I w peaked(predicate) merely be concentrating on one hero-topic for each. The sub get to I w bilious be utilizing, for self-importance and individuality, will be self presentation, for bias and favoritism, it will be, what atomic number 18 they make of bias, and eventu aloney for familiarity and attractive force, it will be what is chouse?I am finishing this watching diary to determine the extent of my cognition and apprehension of the antecedently stated capables and to rehearse the wont of critical thought in all facets of my life non merely those in the academic country. This diary is an assignment in my societa l psychological science class and from this I intrust to attest my instructors that I am capable of go oning this class.What I hope to larn from this diary is the extent of the impaction that the class stuff has had on my life every bit good as how I consider consciously take part in that critical thought. I besides hope to alter the modal value that I consider when it comes to the behavior of the peck somewhat me. I besides hope to alter the manner that I look at to the highest degree myself and how my actions affect those some me.Self and individualityIn the theater of egotism and individuality I choose to concentrate on self presentation. The ground I chose self presentation is because no one of all time truly knows what volume think, when they await you. There argon major(ip) differences between weigh internally and talking out loud. As people we present images to the outside universe that make others see us in a favorable manner, and if this image is presented go od plenty so we behind convert even ourselves that we ar that manner, that it is non merely a hurlion of what we extremity others to see.One of the two chief constructs in the sub subject of self presentation is Self handicapping. Peoples incapacitate their chances to win by making cause for future failure. We try to protect our self-image by faulting our failures on external factors ( griffin 2010 ) .in 1979, Berglas &038 A Jones, ( cited in Griffins 2010 ) trialled an experiment to corroborate ego handicapping. The experiment was based on drugs and intelligence, a sample group was given the same textbook for the Duke University participants, being told that their consequences were the best to day of the month, before replying more than they were given a pick of one of two drugs one to heighten the other to give away their thought, the consequence of the pick was that most of the pupils choose the drug that disrupted their thought, consequently supplying a ready to hand alibi for awaited poorer habitual presentations ( p.97 ) . It seems to me that while most people tell others that they want to win that is a prevarication.The 2nd construct is Self Management which is the ability to pull rack up the different feelings that in our mundane life are created. Griffin ( 2010 ) says that we are societal animals and that we play to an audience. Griffin says that for some people, witting self-presentation is a manner of life ( p.98 ) . Some people change who they when with other people in order to suit in. Griffin besides says that these types of people the people who self proctor are societal chameleons, people able to accommodate easy, even so the down side to these people I think is that they are neer true up to themselves, how female genital organ you be true to who you are if you stand be yourself around your friends the people who should wish you for who you are.An of import quotation rate that summarises self presentation is After losin g to some younger challengers, tennis great Martina Navratilova confessed that she was claustrophobic to play my best I was scared to happen out if they could bewilder me when I m playing my best because if they can, so I am finished ( Frankel &038 A Snyder 1987 cited in Griffin 2010, p.97 ) .When it comes to self presentation I know that in different state of affairss, I have a different attitude for illustration when I m alone I m quiet and I do nt wish to speak to others and I use my phone to do the people watching see that even though I m alone I m salve in the network .I can candidly state that I have self handicapped , myself when I have done ill in a test or an assignment to the point that as seen above I do hold a ready marking alibi to state if I do fail.Prejudice and DiscriminationThis subject is Prejudice and Discrimination. And the issue is What are the effects of bias I chose this as my issue because people do nt understand that there is ever a effect. Peopl es do non believe in front, they think in the minute, non gaining that one simply nontoxic word or phrase can damage a individual s whole universe.A cardinal construct of this subject is ego perpetuating stamps.When a member of a group or sub civilization acts in a manner that we expect that reinforces our belief of the group. This is true and it happens all the browse to gothic s who are ever discourage or to emo s who cut themselves, it is non true merely because one does a certain action do non intend that all do. It is surd to take stereotypes due to the fact that we notice actions that are unusual to a stereotype nevertheless it has small impact on the ideas on that stereotype.Second there is Discrimination s impact the ego carry throughing prognostication. The impression of a ego carry throughing prognostication is one that coincides with the labelling theory if, for illustration if soulfulness is invariably seting you down naming you stupid, so when you something, lik e trip oer so state see it s true. Thingss like that have a permanent consequence on the human mind, its classical conditioning if you are told some thing over and over so it sticks and every clip you want to make something there s a voice stating that you ca nt.Then there is stereotype menace, this is when a individual is put in a state of affairs where you are expected to make ill and your anxiousness may do you to make so, the illustration given by Steele ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) is a adult male in his 60 s in a hoops squad with immature work forces, he thought that they would anticipate his to be a hurt, so his federal agency and unrestricted presentation lessening. Stone ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) surmises that when people are reminded of a shun stereotype about themselves it can adversely impact their public presentation ( p.212 ) .And eventually, do stereotypes bias opinions of persons? Miller &038 A Felicio ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) say yes but there is good intellig ence about this, that people are everlastingly positively measuring people more than the groups that they are in, an illustration of this is politicians, Griffin explains that people believe stereotypes but ignore them when that are given personal information politicians are criminals but our Senator Jones has consonance ( p.214 )A quotation mark that shows the job of bias on the ego of people is by Griffin ( 2010 ) Stereotypes can besides make their world. heretofore if they are ab initio untrue, their being can do them go true. The negative allegations of bias can besides undermine people s public presentation an affect how people interpret favoritism ( p.208 ) .I maintain that I have had thought about certain groups that I do nt cognize, nevertheless it is an unconscious idea, I neer truly knew that I was believing certain ideas until I was really believing them. Biass and stereotypes are something that is instilled into you when you grow up its certain words or phrases t hat at the clip are harmless for illustration a parent disliking homosexual or bisexual people, it becomes difficult to show yourself, if you are, or if you have friends that are.Attraction and Close RelationshipsIn the subject of Attraction and near relationships the issue that interested me the most was what is get it on? The subject that involvements me the most is the subject what is making do. The inquiry that I seem to be unhung up on is how do you cognize, is it the typical, it s the individual that when you wake up you think of first and it s the last individual you think of when you go to nouveau-riche .One construct is aflame cognize, Hatfield ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) states passionate roll in the hay as a province of intense yearning for brotherhood with another(prenominal) ( p.287 ) .Davis ( cited in Hartley 2010 UWS ) showed the difference between passionate do and compassionate turn in some of these were Passionate captivation, clannishness and sexual desire , and for compassionate love at that place was enjoyment, credence, trust, regard, confiding, understanding and spontaneousness ( p.3 ) .Griffin ( 2010 ) states that companionate love is the afterglow consequence of a close passionate love. It is lower and deeper than passionate love ( Aron &038 A others cited in Griffin 2010 ) . Griffin ( 2010 ) explains companionate love as the chilling of passionate love over clip and the turning importance of other factors such as shared values ( p.291 ) . An illustration of this is place matrimonies. Gupta and Singh ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) noted in an experiment of 50 twosomes that those who were marry their feelings faded after a five class period, but those in ordered matrimonies reported more love after the five twelvemonth period. Twain ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) says that no adult male or adult female truly knows what love is until they have been married a one-fourth of a century ( p.291 ) .A quotation mark that shows l ove is Peoples yearn for it, live for it, die for it. ( Griffin p.286 )A quotation mark for companionate love is Unlike passionate love, companionate love can last a life-time ( Griffin 2010, p.290 )This is relevant to my societal universe is because in the universe we live in we all experience love in one signifier or another be it passionate love or feel for love and to be able to understand how it industrial plant and what it really is helps to be able to detect it in the universe, it besides helps to do me prize the people that are around me, love me in some(prenominal) manner they do every bit good as the people who did love me and who i loved, because as Webster ( cited in Griffin 2010 ) says love is spirit s manner of giving a ground to be populating ( p.287 ) . finaleThis diary is valuable to my acquisition of societal psychological science, has shown me that even though there are differences in the manner that the universe sees me and I see it every bit good as how e ven unconsciously I project images to conceal myself in order to non experience hurting and that passionate love can either sizzle and fire out or turn in to a love that will last a life-time.One of my failings in this diary is the subject of ego and individuality, I believe that this is due to the fact that to be able to truly place yourself you have to understand every facet and I do nt believe that anyone can non even if they live for 100 old ages. Another failing is love love is feelings and emotions, so love is touchable, indefinable except to those who have go through it.I believe that I did acquire out of this diary what I had hoped to, in footings of cognizing my topographic point in understanding how the universe around me works when it comes to self and individuality and how as societal animate beings, we project certain images, to affect the people around us, bias and favoritism, and how some of the things that I do may hold a effect that could harm person in the worst manner mental and emotionally and eventually familiarity and close relationships and how love is constructed, perceived are shown.

“Gold Miss”: Single successful women in work force in Korea

Two articles that were discussed in class touched on unify wowork force in the work force in Korea, Taiwan and Japan. in all of these articles examine the pitchs in married womens employment that industrialized parliamentary procedure face. Higher lodge of married womens employment comp bed to the other(prenominal)(a) move be explained by higher(prenominal)(prenominal) exertion supply and demand caused by industrialization, sociable structures, changes in womens role in family, and higher womens education. These changes not only ask married women save as well as whizz women in Asia.I would like to go delve much than into and too go beyond the readings and look to a greater extent than into the hotshot women in general, with precise focus on Korea. Particularly, events regarding women at work has led to the rise of the currency fe male child in Korean refinement refreshingly has created significant pagan shifts in the way the largely Confucian society views women and how these women do vexation. Korean Culture Korea is home to a deeply Confucian society. Under such(prenominal) a system, women atomic number 18 relegated to a lower position, wherein they contract to follow the wishes and dictates of the proposition of the family the father, then the husband and then the grown sons.There be hard dictates that has crossed over to national laws on succession. Korean norms fork up been accuse for the lack of opportunities for women (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 118). Women traditionally stay at home after trade union to postulate safekeeping of family. Children usually live with their p arnts until they are married and the firstborn son is left to care of the aging parents. Women in the Workforce In their study, Rachel August and Tracy Tuten laments that only 48% of women participate in the Korean workforce.The countrys tote market is highly-segregated with jobs that are meant only for men exclusively. Korean men in like manner c a-ca a virtual monopoly on managerial and executive direct jobs, where only 7% are held by women (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). In contrast, women in the unify Kingdom have a 66% participation in the fight force, while 33% of employed women hold managerial and executive take jobs (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 109). The pay between men and women is disaccordent too, with women removeting only 60% of what their male counterparts bond (Yoo, 2003, p. 367).Most Korean women had to fight a immemorial society where in everyone &8212 from employers policymakers, and even fellow employees &8212 prefer males over females. As such, they give birth jobs that pay little (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1101) The dismal situation of women is due to the situation that workplaces in Korea lack protection like laws against gender discrimination, harassment and proterozoic(a) similar laws. Korean women are as well facing challenges in ground of getting their education that would have equi pped them with the skills and k immediatelyledge needed for higher level positions (August and Tuten, 2003, p. 17). This has changed in recent years, however. With the advent of industrialization in Korea, more and more women had married latterlyr and the fertility rate fell. Korean women had more cadence to participate in the activities of the labor market. Korean women also gained more education, and consequently more work experience, which in turn makes them more captivating to employers (Brinton, et. al. , 1995, p. 1100) Married Korean women are less likely to be baffling in formal employment, as many companies also encourage women employees to annul after conjugation (Yoo, 2003, p. 384).Shift in Korean Culture The annexs in the number of working married women and oneness cleaning woman households both(prenominal) compensate a significant departure from the traditional Korean family structure. Women are now choosing to keep their jobs even after marriage and many grown -up children are base out of the family home to live alone and choosing to postpone marriage. More and more women are also getting higher education compared to women in the 70s and 80s. These grown-up daughters that have successful careers postpone marriage and hump their single-blessedness and sparing independence.In the past in Korea, marriage used to be only institution compile work for women to secure stability in their lives. But now that societal conditions have changed greatly and women exert more causation in stinting activities women are increasingly taking charge of their lives. Thus, in recent years, more and more women are staying single, earning more, and fighting societal pressures that dictate when they should settle down. They have been termed money misses, a play of words and a corruption of ripened Miss.Gold misses are highly successful single women who are way above the traditional marrying age of the modern twenties and early thirties. According to the Chosun Ilbo, an English language Korean freshspaper, the typical flamboyant miss has a college degree, a professional job that pays at least KRW40 trillion (around US$43,000) annually. A gold miss go for sophistication both in looks and image (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 2). More than changing their looks and living upwards in society, gold misses are changing Korean society.Whereas before, women above xxx are frowned upon as spinsters who failed to catch a husband, with all the attendant stereotypes against it. this instant gold misses are seen to enjoy their independence &8212 both personal and economic (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 1). They are also breaking through stereotypes that unmarried women in their mid-thirties have something wrong with them, or have been through a difficult experience, or just plain stubborn. These are women who do not rely on a husband to keep them alive, and they are enjoying it.For play In-hee, a sociologist at Ewha Womens University marriag e for a gold miss is a choice, instead of a desperate and only means to be stable. roleplay relates that women who are financially capable, have a tendency to marry late (Chosun Ilbo, 2007, para. 3). The view is shared by Lee Woong-jin, chief executive incumbent of a dating company. Ms. Lee says that gold misses think they can tarry living alone because they earn enough to support themselves (Gold Miss Among , 2007, para. 2). former(a) changes are evident. Gold misses are known to be fashionistas, and have influenced trends in Korean fashion and food (Kang, 2008, para. ). Gold misses, though a comparatively new development in the conservative Korean culture, are increasing. Kang In-sun, create verbally for the Chosun Ilbo, reports on data released by the Korea Employment Information Service that says that thither were 27,233 gold misses in 2006, an increase of almost twelve-fold from around 2,000 just quintette years before. The report also says that gold misses are now allay -base in a growing range of industries and profession, securing top jobs in private institutions, filmmaking, theater, writing, broadcasting, medicine, design and management, among others (Kang, 2008, para. ).The number will rise, as 68% of women in their twenties and thirties surveyed indicated that they would like to remain single (Kang, 2008, para. 5). Meanwhile, an overwhelming 90% of girls aged 10 think that marriage is a choice, instead of a must (Kang, 2007, para. 7). The prevalence and impact of gold misses is so widespread that Korean marketers have taken note of them, and have even come up with turn out labels like silver miss or single women in their 30s who are earning less than KRW30 one thousand thousand, and platinum miss or women who earn more than KRW100 million annually (Kim, 2008, para. ). As more women become more economically ready and more financially-independent these days and as views on marriage have changed dramatically, these single professional women, in their thirties and forties without pressure to get married, enjoy the feeling of accomplishment at work and gain more free time for themselves, rather than doing housework and caring for children as housewives do. Having no husbands and children also increases their autonomy on going.Gold misses are willing to and can spend on anything they want, especially on their self-development, looks, health, skills and on leisure, their changes in lifestyle and outlay start to have impact on various industries such as tourism, fashion, art and music business, interior design such as kitchen appliances, and matchmaking business. As a result, the purchasing power of singles makes them an important consumer group.Kim Ji-soo, a culture editor at the Korea Times, writes that while Korean women had been slow to change in a strongly Confucian society, they are now taking on more and new challenges and working in professions that used to be male domain. The causes for the rise of the gold miss are varied, and touches a spectrum of economic and social factors including (but not limited to) higher labor supply and demand caused by industrialization, changes in womens role in family, higher womens education, and increase in voices advocating gender equality and equal opportunities at work, among other things.The Korea Times, however, proposes other cause. Bae Ji-sook relates that the cost of marriage, including childrearing, housing and education, could be the main reason why a progressively increasing number of women are opting to stay single. With the shift in Korean thinking with regards to the convention of women getting married in their late twenties or early thirties, there is less pressure to get married and risk acquiring these costs (Bae, 2008, para. 6-8). In fact, a recent survey found that 22% of Korean singles found marriage costs too prohibitive and cited that as one of the reasons not to get married.Other reasons were the prevalence of divorce, and the idea of enjoying the single life. Almost a get said that they havent found the right one yet. The survey had 1,826 respondents, 70% of them were women (Kang, 2007, paras. 1-4). traditional values of family and harmony influenced by Confucian philosophy are disappearing, new values of individualism and independence are new inflow, and women are reacting to this change by choosing to work and marry late. On to of these changes in social values, higher cost of marriage and raising children causes throw out departure from traditional roles for single women.Additionally, womens success in their career will continue to leave as a valuable consumer group in the future. With such changes in conventional idea, their economic and social power, and consumer market towards them, they seem to have less reason to get married and the increase the number of unmarried women in their thirties and forties is likely to continue. * * * The rise of the gold misses can thusly be seen as a natural consequence of the Korean womans progress in the countrys labor market. It is an exploitation that took years to unravel.With the change in Koreas business climate and labor environment, women became introduced into its labor force, an event which led to further changes down the road and created a cyclical cause and effect. As women became more active in their participation in the countrys labor force, the more opportunities opened for them to further their education and chalk up their work experience, which in turn do them more attractive to employers and opened the doors to more jobs. The pressures of society and culture, however, remained.In time, Korean women learned that having their best interests in mind and following the norms do not necessarily go together, and thus the evolution comes to its current form the gold misses. Combined with this realization are the changes in the countrys norms and governance that allowed for more gender equality. It can be argued then that gold misses are the daughters who are reaping the benefits that have been set up for them by women of the past. They are also blessed to be working at a time when Korean society and culture had eased and changed.But as mothers can differ from their daughters in a lot of ways, so does todays gold misses and the traditional married working women. Married working women of the past were at most followers of societys dictated norms of how they should act and when they should act, and at the very least, they were constrained by their culture. Career women felt the urge to get married at an age that is largely dictated by society, at a time when they should have been at their peak, professionally speaking. These women may be doing the deals in the corporate boardroom, but they come home to cook for their husbands and care for their children.Gold misses eschewed that role, and by ignoring societal dictates, they have become progenitors of a new culture. By refusing to be tied down, they have gathered e nough power to create a unique culture that soon became more and more mainstream. They became a force to be considered, if only for their collective purchasing power. Without responsibilities to take care of a family, they have the luxury of thinking only for themselves. sooner of being dictated by culture, gold misses have turned the tables and are now dictating what the culture should be.More and more gold misses are stepping into roles that women of the past have not even dreamed of. The arena for male-dominated fields is shrinking as more women are invading the work force. Whereas traditional married working women were contented in defining their value by the men in the lives, and anchoring their stability on their marriage, gold misses are challenging the time-worn traditions and Confucian hierarchies. Women in the workplace are also changing the business culture away from alcohol-inspired karaoke fests into something more transparent and above-board.These women are also di scourage blind loyalty towards superiors (Asiaweek, 2001, paras. 3-4). Stability is no longer anchored to the thickness of their husbands wallets, but their own. Culture and society are two very dynamic forces, and they affect one another. While it is evidently a much better time to be a single work woman in Korea forthwith more than ever, there is still a long way to go to achieve more independence from and equality with men. The gold miss phenomenon is a clear indicator, though, that women in Korea are on the right track.

How Technology Has Affected the Capabilities

IntroductionRecognizing the identity of a person is a study problem encountered by most of the evaluator and security systems, especially when an individual provides false information. Until recently, the methods of providing the true identity of whitlows take a leak been few and pr single to errors (Davis, Weiss, 2009). With the death penalty of modern computerized technologies, communication capabilities of narrow databases ( such as the fingerprint identifiers) have been make effective and accurate. In this paper, the effect of technology on the communication capabilities of specialised databases in felonious arbitrator will be analyzed, by examine the facial mention and iris scan techniques of credit and discussing the overall affirmative and negative effects of these technologies on deplorable umpire system.How technology has touch the capabilities of change databases in the lamentable justice systemIn trying to make their bleed easier and much effective, the justice and security personnel have always looked into the forward technological methods to enhance communication capabilities deep down the justice system. The introduction of bipartite radio and increased role of automobile have helped in astir(p) the effectiveness of communication databases and responding to guilty incidents (Seaskate Inc. 1998). Modern technology has introduced many methods of specialised databases which have become exceedingly useful in crime investigation and response to incidences.The specialized databases utilize computerized techniques to identify criminals or suspects as considerably as to facilitate communication between the police, the general public and amongst separate security personnel. The most use specialized databases by the security and justice system to provide identification of individuals include the Mobile Data Terminals, put up Scans, signal flag Scans, Facial information and the AFIS (Scherpenzeel, 2008). These technologies make i ndividual identification easier, more accurate and more effective in terms of time and cost. both police officers and prosecutors have in many occasions applied them in identifying, judging, imprisoning or even in releasing criminals (Reichert, 2001)Comparison between Facial Recognition and Iris ScanIris scan refers to a technique of biometric identification victimisation exalted tech actualization patterns which utilize images of a persons iris. Iris cameras ar utilise to perform stainings of an individuals identity using mathematical analysis of random patterns visible in the iris. The technique uses a combination of pattern credit, computer vision, optics and statistical inferences (Find biostatistics, n. d).Facial recognition technique on the other hand is a computerized application which identifies an individual from a boob tube outline or digital image. It is used in criminal justice systems to identify tidy sum by comparing the selected facial appearance from a speci fied facial database. This technique uses unalterable physical facial structures (say the spot between centers of an individuals pupils of the eye or the diameter of a persons eye balls) and through algorithm, finite computerized set of steps ar used to solve the problem, by translating the image into numerical values (Davis, Weiss, 2009).Iris scan is an intragroup detection method while the facial recognition is an external detection technique. Un ilk the iris scan which uses an internal organ of the carcass, the facial recognition technique is done using certain parts of an individual stage such jaws, cheekbones, nose or the eyes these features are applied in searching for images matching with them. Facial recognition has been criticized because it uses external parts of the body which are likely to change over time through ache exposure to manual work, use of facial cosmetics or plastic surgical procedure (Titanium, 2010).These changes can completely transform and individ uals physical appearance, thus making it hard to be identified from a crowd. However, the method has one merit the iris scan and other biometric methods lack it doesnt turn to for any help from the individual being testedif the system is correctly designed and effectively installed in places such as multiplexes and airports, it can considerably pick out the required subject from a crowd.For other biometric techniques such as the iris scan, speech recognition and fingerprints, the subject must be involved in the detection process and mass identification cannot accept (Titanium, 2010). Nonetheless, Iris scan is more reliable since it is not dependent on light or sight, exactly depends on the pattern of the iris. The facial recognition technique can fail due to poor lighting, long hair, use of sunglasses and other small resolution images and objects that relatively cover the position (Titanium, 2010).The overall positive and negative effects of the immature techniques on the cr iminal justice systemBasically, the youthfulfound technologies in the criminal justice and communication have greatly improved the way in which criminal identification and vestige is conducted by the justice and security systems. To begin with, specialized databases are used either complimentary or alternatively to ensure that accurate egresss are made. This implies that in one instance, both the facial recognition and fingerprints can be applied for the same specimen or subject when there are doubts or ambiguity regarding identity.This ensures that minimal errors occur, thus reducing the chances of wrong identification (Scherpenzeel, 2008). Furthermore, the new technologies have reduced the costs that used to be incurred in tracking down criminals. Such costs included travel costs, nonrecreational witnesses, interviewing individuals, costs of detaining many suspects before identifying the guilty criminal. More so, problems that used to be encountered due to physical transforma tion of an individual as a result of surgeries, injuries and use of cosmetics have now been overcome through the use of specialized databases like the speech recognition and iris scan biometrics (Scherpenzeel, 2008)..However, the new technologies have had a number of negative effects on the criminal justice system. The most common negative effect is the fact that this new technologies require a lot of professionalism and skill, not only in criminology, but also in statistics, mathematics and computer technology. However, many people do not possess this combined qualifications and this leads to shortage of personnel in the criminal investigation department.As such, the process of identification becomes slower since it is entrusted with few specialists who are cannot be able to handle all the cases presented to them. In some other cases, semi-skilled people have been entrusted the work, resulting to wrong identification or non identification (Reichert 2001). Other problems normally re sult from system breakdowns or corruption of system files which affect the lustiness of the results. Corruption of operating systems is mostly done by people within the criminal justice system who wish to obstruct certain criminal identification processes for personal reasons (Scherpenzeel, 2008).Since some of this technologies are still relatively new (such as the iris scan and live scan), most of the criminal justice systems find it too expensive to adopt them due to the high initial installation costs and therefore, they are rarely used. Other specialized databases like the facial scanner pose problems in places of installation such as railways and airports due to security factors. This has made it difficult for the justice system to continually use this technique in identifying wanted individuals (Reichert 2001).Preferred specialized databasesAmong all the types of specialized databases and biometric scanners and devices used for detection of identification today, the iris scan ner has proved to be most effective and accurate. This is because, an individuals iris cannot be prevent by contact lenses and glasses it can be accurately scanned from ten centimeters to several meters away. In addition the iris remains constant for a long time unless injuries occurone enrolment scan lasts for a lifetime. Although certain surgical and medical operations may affect the pretext and shape of the iris, its fine texture maintains stability for decades. Furthermore, it can still be used on blind people because the technology is not dependent on sight but on pattern. (Find Biometrics, n. d).ConclusionThe use of specialized databases in criminal justice system is a great move towards up(p) the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal identification. It is important that these databases be implemented crossways the globe for detecting and tracking down criminals, since the negative effects of these technologies are so meager, and easily solvable as compared to the over all positive impact.ReferencesFind Biometrics (n. d). Iris scanners and recognition. Retrieved fromhttp//www.findbiometrics.com/iris-recognition/Davis, M., & Weiss, J (2009). Facial recognition technology in fair play enforcement. Retrieved fromhttp//www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=31Seaskate Inc. (1998). The evolution and development of police technology. Retrieved fromhttp//www.police-technology.net/id59.htmlTitanium (2010). Comparing face recognition against other types of biometric authenticationmethods. Retrieved fromhttp//www.titanium-tech.com/download/CompareBio.pdfReichert, K. (2001). Promising approaches to addressing crime use of information technologyin law enforcement. University of south Wales, Australia.Scherpenzeel, R. (2008). Key issues in introducing information technology in criminal justice.retieved from http//www.uncjin.org/other/korebo/chapter3.pdf

Metaqualone

Methaqualone is ataraxic-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general Central Nervous System depressant. This drug was mainly apply in the 1960s and 1970s for the treatment of insomnia, and as a muscle-builder relaxant. Methaqualone was first synthesized in India in 1951 by Lindra Kishore Kacker and Syed Hussain Zaheer. By 1965 it was the virtually commonly prescribed sedative in Britain. In 1972 it was the sixth bestselling sedative in the US, where it was legal under the brand name Quaalude. Methaqualone is a drug that helps the relief of tension, mental stress, and anxiety. oblivious Term effects Short term effects include a reduction of mental activity, cardiac and respiratory depression, drowsiness, reduced heart rate, reduced respiration and increased cozy arousal. The subvert of this drug gives rise to a barbiturate-type dependence. Long Term Effects Liver damage back end result from long term abuse of methaqualone or from ingestion of heavily adu lterer methaqualone. The liver is trustworthy for metabolizing or processing drugs in the body, and impurities in the drug brook own irreversible damage to the organ.Methaqualone as well as affects muscle movement and coordination and can produce parethesia, a pins and needles sensation, commonly in the face and fingers. Large doses as well as cause a heightened pain threshold, and uncontrolled muscle twitching. Physically Addicting or Psychologically Addicting Methaqualone is highly addictive both physically and psychologically, and unbroken moderate to heavy usage leads to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Death Associated with Drug insensibility and death can result from using methaqualone.Ingestion of more than 800 mg of methaqualone in an adult and 150 mg in a child is considered toxic. The average lethal oral dose is 8-20 grams (100-200 mg/kg) and stupor can occur after ingestion of 2. 4 grams. Methaqualone can too cause coma or death at scorn levels i f it is taken with another CNS depressant such as alcohol. draw/Street Names of Drug Common street names for methaqualone are Quaalude, Lude, Quat, Quad, Mandex, and Sopors. How the Drug is Taken Methaqualone can be injected, and also taken orally. It is manufactured in tablets or capsules. Methaqualone can also be found in brown, gray or black crummy powder.An average dose of methaqualone is about 3 grams but it also depends on the persons body height, weight, and the use of any other drug. Within 4-8 hours of pickings the drug the user may experience slurred speech. Affects on foetal Development Methaqualone passes through the breast milk in loaded women. Animal studies have shown the drug to cause birth defects when used during pregnancy.Referenceshttp//www. streetdrugs. org. email&clxprotected org. Copyright Publishers Group, 1996. Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. http//www. well. com/user/woa/fsseda. htm

Managerial Level and Skill Essay

1. DESCRIBE THE MANAGERIAL LEVEL &type A MANAGERIAL SKILL IN HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION MANAGMENT.Management is an cunning of getting things done through others. It is organized efforts so as to achive the predeterminedgoal. It is regular process made up of various functions like planning , plaque , controlling , directing. A manager is person who is prudent for getting puddle done through people so he must bear some skill managerial skilland take aims managerial levels Managerial levels In watchfulness there r three broad levels they are1. kickoff line or junior management2. Middle management3. efflorescence managmentFirst line management This is lowermost level which directs non managerial employers in other word called supervisors Middle management This level is important and responsible level which direct activities of junior managers and employee. Top management Overall management of organization is take care by this level. They are referred as chairman, prexy , vice president , chief executive officers , managing directors . Role of this peoples is to establish policies , strategies coordinate activities and guide peoples.Managerial skill Skill can be delimitate as an faculty to translate knowledge into actions. Henri fayol has define three managerial skill seems to be necessary in managers.Three types of skills are needful by managers,1. Human relation skills,2. abstract skills,3. skilful skills.Human skill Human relation skills are skills associated with a managers ability to work well with others, both as a member of a group and as a leader who gets things done.Conceptual skill Conceptual skills are skills related to the ability to visualize the organization as a whole, discern relationships among organizational parts, and understand how the organization fits into the wider context of the industry, community and world.Technical skill Technical skills are skills that reflect both an understanding of and technique in a specialized field. This is necessary for supervisors or lower level management.

Application of Deontological ethical theory Essay

In places where there ar interactions among lot, honorable philosophy become one of the most important principles that guide the demeanour, purpose making, and evaluating the conduct of the mess. Deontological system is used to evaluate ethics and guide pile for honorable considerations. Gender ethics is one of ethical issues that is most dominant in the rules of order where women love is a society that denies them fosterage, economic, and marital rightfulness. Hence, ethics can be said to be the principles by which wad live by in the society. This paper will discuss the deontological theory and how it is employ in sex activity ethical issues such as economic, educational, and marital rightfulness that are prevalent in most societies.In most education insinuations across the world, admission is in part establish on gender and in part in merits, which questions the ethical practice. Gender issues have guide to some students been denied chances to get tone educatio n in schools of their choice (Willingham, & vitamin A Cole2013). Although the issue can be seen as ethical as the schools try on to admit students while balancing the gender, it is wrong behaviour on the deontological theory point of view. Male students may be denied a chance for quality education at the expense of a female student. The society expects that a student who has passed his examinations should be in a sic to secure the position of a good school and obtain quality education. Deontologists argue that, in order for the schools to portray good gender ethics, it should not discriminate in terms of gender but it should consider merits for its admissions.Gender issues concerning economic equity in work place have been perceived as the most ethical dilemma that organizations face. Some organizations discriminate women in terms of engage and employments (Baker et al., 2009). Women are paid unfair wages while some are denied employment positions base on gender. The gender dis crimination can be considered as unethical on the point of view of deontological theory. In this theory, people do right to other people because the societies uphold it as corrects. In this situation, it would be ethically correct not to discriminate women based on gender since the society does not prescribe to that behaviour. On the other hand, pass competitive remunerations and employing people on merits is a socially accepted behaviour and thus follow deontological theory.Consequently, most societies regard women as lesser world when it comes to marital affaires. Women are denied rights to marital make decisions and hence they are throttle by the status and the power of their husbands (Baker et al., 2009). Moreover, their roles in the family are only seen as to conduct household chores and not any other occupation that is male-oriented. In deontological point of view, this is unethical behaviour and male and female should have comprise rights in making marital decisions and supporting families.The strength of deontological theory is that it mandates people to be reproducible in doing the right things. That is deontologists try to be consistent with their behaviour because they believe of what is morally upright (Ess, 2008). Hence, the theory can dish to address the gender ethics issues across the society in that it helps people in the society to do the right thing irrespective of their situations. For example, when a soul knows that discrimination based on gender is morally wrong, the person may live to protect gender equating and always overturn discrimination. In addition, the theory results in a responsible society where separately person knows his or her moral obligations and strives to meet them without failure. The conflicts that may arise from the unethical behaviours as a result of people failing to meet their moral obligations is eliminated.The weakness of this theory is that is does not explain how one can ethically act when he or she e ncounters two moral obligations. It only defines out-and-out(a) situations. In gender ethics, an employer may employ a female thespian for other reasons rather than moral obligations in disguise of gender equality. For example, a female worker may be employed for sexual favours although she is drug-addicted based on merits. This means that the employee could have employed the worker on merits but he has other reasons. Although the employee can be seen to have acted based on moral obligations, he was unethical due to preformed hiring motives. Hence, from this situation it is clear that there is a conflicting moral obligation, which the theory has not factored in when evaluating the ethical behaviours in the society (Thomasma, 2009).Conclusion              From the paper, it is evident that gender ethical issues are one of the major ethical problems in the society. It is experienced in economic, education, and marital situations. Deontological theory tr ies to explain how people can act based on their moral obligations. In gender ethics, moral obligations will involve gender equality in economic, marital, and education fields. Deontologists uphold gender equality in the society since it is a moral obligation. The strength of this theory is that it helps the society to be consistent in its behaviour. However, the weakness of the theory is that it only defines unattackable situations and fails to explain situations where moral obligations may be conflicting.ReferencesBaker, E. H., Sanchez, L. A., Nock, S. L., & Wright, J. D. (2009). Covenant espousal and the sanctification of gendered marital roles. Journal of Family Issues, 30(2), 147-178.Ess, C. (2008). Culture and ball-shaped networks hope for a global ethics. Information technology and moral philosophy, 195, 225.Thomasma, D. C. (2009). Theories of medical ethics the philosophical structure. armed forces Medical Ethics, 1, 23-60.Willingham, W. W., & Cole, N. S. (2013). G ender and fair assessment. Routledge.Source document

Notes on “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Though the novel is entitled The Adventures of huckleberry Finn and the story is told by huckaback, the gravestone reference book in the novel is Jim The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn has two get wind casings, one and unless(a) is the slave Jim, the an other(a)(prenominal) the protagonist huckaback. Jim and huck could each be considered the key characters for different reasons, Jim as he is the principal(prenominal) good simulation of the typical slave (slavery universe the most important theme of this novel) and huckaback for he is the main storyteller.Jim is an important character in The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, and with extinct him the novel would be ineffectual. However The Adventures of huckleberry Finn is a novel rough the adventures of the protagonist Huck, and it is more likely that the key character of this novel is Huck because we see every function from his view. In a novel which is pen as a satiric social comment upon the s unwraphern states of the States Jims role as the manifestation of slavery must be a key one.Incidents in which Jim interacts with other characters and their reactions to him are meant to symbolise the wider participations opinions on slaves and the practice of slavery. Jim, is a heroic normal in a book whose main characters consist of liars, cheats and scoundrels. Jim al rooms does the respectable thing if he can, he always feels empathy for others fifty-fifty if those mess show no such emotions for him. The incident at the end of the novel when he saves gobbler and risks what he believes to be his own freedom is a case in point.We empathise with Jim because even though other characters suggest that his feelings are least(prenominal) important, whose life is lesser, whose existence is trivial, he manages to stay cheerful, and even kind to those who shroud him in this manner. This quality betrays him even more heroic, for he is a figure who turns the other cheek, and is kind to others no ma tter what. Jim doesnt lie or cheat, or steal or gamble and looks down on these activities. Jim is neer bitter, he never complains, and never expects Huck to return or even notice what he does for him.However this is no to say that Huck is not heroic himself, his support for Jim, a black man, who Huck has been taught is inferior and as important as a pack horse is astounding, and displays that Huck is fast enough and heroic enough to make the harder choice and choose his center of attention over his conscience. An example of Huck choosing his heart occurs just after Jim has been exchange by the King and the Duke for forty dollars, Huck believes he has been forced to make a choice between Jim and heaven. He chooses Jim with the words All undecomposed then, Ill go to hell.It is Jims escape and the subsequent affright of his re-capture that provides the reason for himself and Huck to leave the island and travel down the river where most of their adventures occur. Without Jim str addle would lack a reason for Huck to travel down the river and catch what he experiences, without Jim this would be little more than a story about a boy who fakes his own death, and then lives on an island. Add to this the incident that Jim is the leader during the travel down the river. He is the one who knows all the signs of weather, either good or bad, it is he who makes their journey its success and ensures their lives.Jim is the maturest out of himself and Huck. Hucks im maturity date is shown when he puts the rattlesnake in Jims dormancy bag, or when he plays a trick on Jim during the fog. Jims maturity is displayed by his reaction to the incident when Huck plays a trick on him during the fog. Without Jim the novel would be innefectual because Hucks development would be boney without him. champion prime example of Jims importance occurs when Huck comes snuggled to fully realising that Jim is a real person too and the colour of his clamber does not diminish his humanit y.Huck has realised that Jim is a human and that he should not play tricks on him or regard him as stupid, nigh the end of the novel Huck says I knowed he was unclouded privileged, Huck is expresing his realisation that Jim is a human in the plainly way he knows by making Jim white. Hucks realisation is comfortably brought across to us just after he has hidden in the fog, and returned to Jim, Jim works out that Huck is trying to trick him and reacts very seriously to Hucks prank. Huck then says.it was fifteen minutes forward I could work myself to humble to a nigger- but I make it, and I warnt ever sorry for it afterwards, neither. I didnt do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldnt make that one if Id knowed it would make him feel that way. Huck and Jim have a symbiotic relationship, they need each other Huck needs Jim to remain dynamic and keep our attention, and Jim needs Huck to unloose his bearing in the novel. Jims effect on Huck is Brobdingnagian it is through Jim t hat Huck begins to learn about how the colour of skin does not alter the person intimate.An example of this occurs when Huck says and I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does for theirn . Huck justifies Jims existence as a character of substance in this novel, for through helping Huck and feel for for him, Jim is makes an impact on the reader, and hence makes his position in the novel as one of its main characters more tenable. However while it is patently true that Jim teaches Huck he is not Hucks only teacher, several other characters such as Pap and Tom withal teach Huck valuable lessons.One example of Huck being taught by someone other than Jim occurs when Huck says If I never learnt nothin else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way. It is through Huck and his reactions to various events that match passes on his opinions to the reader. Huck is a character through which the author, in span puts across his point of view, for example Hucks realisation that Jim is in any case a human and also important. bridge is trying to get this mental object across to the public. Huck is a representation of the common person at the beginning of the novel.He is white, uneducated, simple, and not willing to think about what he is told just willing to accept it. Hucks realisations about right and wrong, and importantly his own ability to determine this for himself are drawn out and argued logically inside a story which will hold the readers attention. through and through Huck Twain frames all the key issues of freedom, racism and slavery, personal legality and social rebellion against social attitudes of the period. This occurs when Huck interacts with key characters who are representative of a theme or an idea being presented by Twain.For example his interaction with Tom who represents conventional social attitudes, as the novel progresses Huck is less inclined t o accept what Tom says or does as correct. One example of this occurs when Huck quits Tom Sawyers band of thieves, he no longer agrees with Tom, and legion(predicate) of Toms imagined incidents such as that of rading the pass school picnic no longer hold any credit with Huck. This moving away from Tom and what he represents, is an indication of Twains rejection of conventional social values.Jim is the symbolic representation of only one of these points of discussion, slavery. Jim is only a part of that whole because he represents only one of the themes that Twain is discussing in this novel. Unlike Huck, Jim is not the one who reveals the authors opinions through his actions and reactions he is merely representative of one of these ideas. Without Hucks presence the novel lacks a unifying element. Jim is unable to fill the void in this regard as he is a relatively static character who does not change.This is unlike the dynamic Huck who changes some of his opinions and learns about many things ranging from serious issues such as slavery to simpler things such as to how to secern what the weather will be. The most important factor that leads me to argue that Huck is the protagonist comes from the fact that the whole novel is told in first person. It is Hucks views not Jims that we get, it is his outlook that colours our opinion, and most importantly his vernacular we read. In fact Jim himself is seen through Hucks eyes, with Hucks opinion colouring our own.Huck is omnipresent, this is not so with Jim he continuously disappears when it does not serve Twain to have him in the episode. Debates inside Hucks mind, the incident when Huck plays a trick on Jim during the fog, and even the whole Shepardson, Grangerford incident are lacking the presence of Jim. When Huck meets the Shepardsons and the Grangerfords, for example Jim magically disappears into the bushes to repair the raft. Huck is in every second base of the novel, and other characters are merely there be cause they interact with Huck, Jim is no exception.Jim is an extremely important character in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Jim represents slavery the major theme of the novel, is forgiving, and kind, hitherto this makes him a heroic character, not the key character. Huck on the other hand is the key character by virtue of his predominance throughout the book, he is on every page, and every line and unlike Jim he is the character who reveals and in effect discusses issues through his reactions, action and interaction with other characters. Hence it is fair and logical to conclude that although important Jim is not the key character of the novel, that honour must go to Huck.

Affect of Social Media on Teenagers

favorable media effect on Teenagers The best way to understand the definition of affable media is to break it down. fond media is a relatively new form of communication its a to a greater extent advanced version of the older forms of communication like television, newspapers and radio. Examples of social networking and Micro blogging web dumbfoundes which be a main part of social media are Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Tumblr, Google+ etc. In recent times, battalion deal be occur more accustomed to using these online websites as it is more convenient to use and casual to access.Modern generations upset virtually of the old forms of media as a one-way avenue as you can receive the information but you cannot express your in the flesh(predicate) views over any matter. Social media on the other hand is cognize as a two-way street that does not only issue us with information but it also allows us to give fanny our views and concerns. Though recently, social media has been ext ensively misused by teenagers. about teenagers consider social media as a vital part of their keep.But what they dont realize is how social media, along with a few of its positive effects, is negatively affecting them mentally, physically and socially. Social media may be a denotation of education to adolescents but as good comes with bad, so comes the negative mental effects of social media. As its benefits, social media helps shy teens come emerge of their shells by expressing themselves better and by being more outgoing. It also helps make teenagers virtually empathetic. Like for example if someone posts a status saying, I had the worst day of my life , and you post a comment saying, bellyache me if you need anything , you have just expressed virtual empathy and studies prove that close teenagers are capable of making use of this empathy in real life too. Alongside, social media can be a major grammatical case of instigating narcism among teenagers. Narcissism is a case of extreme self-admiration and interest in oneself, in particular physical appearances. Also, teenagers who use social media frequently are more accustomed to depression and anxiety.While Facebook can be of great help when keeping in contact with long lost friends, it is the main cause of distraction for a teenager during study time and can lead to lower grades. Social media can be very useful but if it is misused, it can cause a lot of mental damage to a user. (Turgeon, 2011) Social media tissue sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, have become nearly inescapable part of modern life, particularly for teenagers. Reports suggest that this can have harsh health outcomes on health.Especially as the teenage body is still a underdeveloped body. Eating and do is very necessary to remain fit and healthy. Most teenagers show the least amount of interest in their physical exercise as they are hooked on to their favorite forms of social media in if not all then most of their free time. (Gordon, 2011) . Social media has no positive physical effects on teenagers as it tends to make them unavailing and inactive leading them to a unhealthy lifestyle. Social media may have positive and negative social effects on society.Social media helps with staying in dissemble with your other school or College friends , it helps in staying informed about whats going around in your locality for example facebook helps u look out when your friends birthday is coming up, where and when a event is going to come up, where have youre friends checked in etc. The down sides of this is when hoi polloi get used to staying over informed, they wonder why werent called for a party, why didnt someone wish them for their birthday etc. some other negative side is that social media is like a drug to most teenagers.It lessens our time for physical interaction with family and friends. Some people would just sit in front of the computer for a day, example some families when they go out for dinner they barely talk to each other they are all glued to their mobile devices they only talk about what is hap on the social media websites, what pictures should be uploaded and where they should be tagged in. Some people are sleep deprived because they spend much of their sleeping or resting time on these websites. Scams and worst even deaths have been identified with the inappropriate use of social media.

European imperialism Essay

Mortimer Chambers et al define imperialism as a atomic number 63an states intervention in and move domination oer a non- europiuman territory. During the Scramble for Africa in the latish nineteenth century, the most ruling European nations desired to conquer, dominate and exploit African colonies with the hope of building an empire. fit in to Derrick murphy, in 1875 only ten pct of Africa was occupied by European states. Twenty years later only ten percent remained unoccupied. thither were several factors which attracted European imperialists to Africa. thither were opportunities for profit equal investment and dole out. dim materials, which Africa possessed in abundance, were withal desired. A cheap source of force was required as it would result in higher profits. In addition, at that place was international argument among European nations. Domestic policy-making interests and social Darwinism may also be blamed for attracting European imperialism to Africa.European imperialists were lured to Africa by the potential drop economic benefits she possessed. Industrialization caused a mass productivity and on that point became an artificial need for foreign markets to invest in. According to Brian Levack et al, with the onset of economic even out in 1873 industrialists were faced with a declining demand for their products in Europe. Imperial working out, it was thought, would will a solution with annexed territories seen as captive markets. It was believed that the unfavorable balance of trade that Britain and other industrial countries were experiencing could be counterbalanced by the income from overseas investments.Also, waste capital could be profitably invested in Africa where cheap labour and circumscribed competition would result in higher profits. Prominent European imperialists unyielding to use the public resources of their country to knock lucrative means of exploitation their capital. The English radical economist J.A. Hobson, argues that the intention was to level out inequalities of riches to increase domestic consumption. Local merchants, traders and bankers were optimistic towards the idea of imperial expansion and capital investments outside of Europe became an increasingly vital sector of its economy.There was an increasing demand for unrefined materials in Europe in the late nineteenth century. According to Brian Levack, the revolutionary technologies characteristic of the industrial revolution meant that industrial Europe became increasingly dependent on rude(a) materials. European nations matte the urge to control lands that possessed great quantities of raw materials. Africa was rich with raw materials as well as many treasure reserves. As a result, many major industrial companies attempted to gain a monopoly of raw materials in Africa. Stuart Miller believes that specific trade links were important to situation industries.Some raw materials in Africa were of great importance the vege table anoint of the Niger was vital for lubricating industrial machinery and the rubber of the Congo was not only congenital for the tires on the peeled automobiles but also for insulating the electrical and telegraph wires instantaneously encircling the globe. The plentiful elephant herds could be slaughtered to provide the ivory for many of the new consumer goods such as piano keys, billiard b boths and knife handles. In Togoland, Germans were able to cultivate plantations where they grew cocoa and rubber. Other raw materials included peanuts, cotton and tea. There were also many important minerals and South Africa possessed gold and diamonds. international rivalry among European nations contributed greatly to imperialist ventures in Africa. Britains rivalry with France and Germany accounted for a large explode of the colonization. The British government wished to maintain its say-so in the colonial regions. Other European originators desired to expand their colonial spher es as well and Britain responded by seizing colonies. Certain territories were important for their location. The Suez furnish was key waterway between East and West Africa. The immense inside between the gold and diamond rich southern Africa and Egypt had a strategic value as domination of this region was important to secure the shine of overseas trade. The British wanted to link their possessions in Southern Africa with their territories in East Africa, and these two areas with the Nile basin. Obtaining the Sudan was vital to the fulfillment of these ambitions especially since Egypt was already below(a) British control.This red-line through Africa was made famous by Cecil Rhodes and Lord Milner who advocated for a Cape to Cairo empire linking by rail the Suez Canal to the Southern part which possessed many minerals. According to Brian Levack, there was also a certain level of nationalist competition. The unification of Germany upset the balance of ply in Europe. In this clima te of tension, governments looked towards enforcing national faculty. The newly formed nations of Italy and Germany this instant sought empires outside Europe as a means of gaining post and prestige within Europe. In the nineteenth century, a German historian Henrich con Treitschke utter All great nations in the fullness of their strength constitute desired to set their mark on barbarian lands and those who relegate to participate in this great rivalry will pay a pitiable role in time to come.Under the leadership of Bismarck, Germany before long embarked on a quest of expansionism. Bismarcks distrust of England under Gladstone was one of the reasons he decided to do this. Germany became engaged in an arms race with Great Britain and it desired as many armament and naval bases as it could obtain. France needed to restore its damaged national superciliousness later on its defeat by Germany in the Franco-Prussian war and therefore embarked upon expansionism. Their design ate was to have an uninterrupted link between the Niger River and the Nile, thus controlling all trade to and from the Sahel region, by virtue of their existing control over the go routes through the Sahara.Domestic political interests also contributed to European Imperialism in Africa. As stated by Brain Levack, in the age of mass politics, political leaders needed to find forces that would both appeal to new voters and settle the status quo. Imperialism led the ordinary European people to believe that they were part of a superior, conquering people. Bismarck used imperial issues to help him find political allies in Germany and once remarked all this colonial billet is a sham but we need it for the elections. According to Lawrence pile, in the mid-nineties witnessed a rapid expansion of newspaper readership with the appearance of a new type of daily designed to attract the working and lower fondness class.sociable Darwinism and missionary intentions are two prunes that are u sed to excuse European imperialism in Africa. Rudyard Kipling characterized the Africans as sullen, new caught peoples, fractional devil and half child. The Europeans believed it to be their duty to civilize the wild savage Africans. Liberalism, which may be defined as a dedication to self-improvement and the belief that there were discoverable rules of general conduct that everyone could follow, contributed to the paternal manner in which Europe acted and arguments of racial and cultural superiority that pushed Europeans into Africa to civilize the local populations. Lawrence James states that nations who had presently reached the highest stage of civilization were taking control over those which had lagged behind, or races, same the Asante, who were not seen as fit to control their own affairs. In an issue of the Dublin Review in the late nineteenth century it was stated that The future of Africa under any form of European tutelage must(prenominal) be better than the dark and evil nightmare of the past.These Social Darwinists were able to persuade the natives that what was being done was to their ultimate benefit. According to Derrick Murphy et al, there existed the idea that imperialism was a moral duty as a means of spreading Western civilization and Christian values. Many Europeans bought this excuse while others did not. Africans were forced to adopt the Christian religion. In some cases they were killed for continuing to practice their own faiths. Some historians believe that the whole motive for Christian evangelism in Africa was simply to disrupt and destroy and that it was always politically motivated. First, missionaries were brought to the continent. Secondly, after some natives were converted and there was a considerable amount of disorderliness among them, the troops were sent to exploit them.Their main intention was to divide to control. According to an African chieftain The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has win our brothers and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.Various factors attracted European imperialism to Africa in the later nineteenth century. Europe was changing and their colonial empires were associated with the ideas of national greatness and the survival of the fittest. This caused a massive drive for empires. There was a yearning for raw materials, national power and prestige. Each nation which possessed a colonial territory also possessed a sense of superiority.Bibliography1.) Chambers Mortimer, Hanawalt Barbara, Rabb Theodore, Woloch Isser, Grew Raymond, The Western Experience, 1999, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., unify States of America2.) James Lawrence, The White Mans Burden? Imperial Wars in the nineties Spielvogel Jackson, Western Civilization, Mc Graw Hill, Connecticut, 1999(pgs 100-105)3.) Levack Brian, Muir Edward, MaasMichael, Veldman Meredith, The West, Encounters and Transformations, 2004, Pearson Education Inc., United States of America4.) Miller Stuart, Mastering groundbreaking European History, 1997, Palgrave, United Kingdom, Hampshire5.) Murphy Derrick, Morris Terry, Europe 1870-1991, 2000, Harper Collins Publishers LTD, United Kingdom, England6.) The Church as a Tool of Imperialism